Diagnostics of the Mechanisms that Control the Interannual Variations of the South American Climate and Its Connection to Climate over North America

南美气候年际变化控制机制诊断及其与北美气候的关系

• 批准号: 0203761
• 负责人: Rong Fu
• 金额: $ 35.77万
• 依托单位: Georgia Tech Research Corporation
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2002
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2002-06-01 至 2005-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0203761&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Diagnostics; Mechanisms; Control; Interannual; Variations

This project is an investigation of factors that influence the start and end of the rainy season in tropical South America and hence influence agricultural productivity and the availability of water resources. The objectives are: (i) to determine the influence of large-scale circulation anomalies, especially those forced by interannual variations of sea-surface temperatures in the adjacent oceans, on the key thermal and dynamic factors that control the onset and demise of the rainy season over the northern part of South America, (ii) to explore how land-surface processes and bio-mass burning modify the atmospheric boundary layer conditions needed for the onset of the rainy season by influencing pre-seasonal climate conditions, (iii) to characterize the link between regional climates in tropical South America, Central and North America via cross-equatorial flow and to identify the underlying dynamic processes. The approach to be taken consists of a diagnostic study of a number of data sets relevant to the climatology of the region. The data include: ECMWF reanalyses, South American rain gauge data, in situ surface fluxes and soil moisture from the Large Scale Biosphere-Atmosphere Experiment in Amazonia, instantaneous cloud data from the International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project, aerosol optical depth from the Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer, and the NASA-Ames 8-km Amazon Ecology Mapping data.

该项目是对影响南美洲热带雨季开始和结束并因此影响农业生产力和水资源可获得性的因素的调查。这些活动的目标是：(1)确定大范围环流异常，特别是由邻近海洋海面温度年际变化造成的环流异常，对控制南美洲北部雨季开始和结束的主要热力和动力因素的影响；(2)探讨陆面过程和生物块燃烧如何通过影响季节前气候条件，改变雨季开始所需的大气边界层条件；(3)通过跨赤道气流，确定南美洲、中美洲和北美热带区域气候之间的联系，并确定基本的动力过程。将采取的办法包括对与该区域气候学有关的若干数据集进行诊断性研究。这些数据包括：ECMWF再分析、南美洲雨量计数据、亚马逊大型生物圈-大气实验的现场地表通量和土壤湿度、国际卫星云气候学项目的瞬时云数据、来自臭氧总量测绘光谱仪的气溶胶光学厚度和NASA-Ames 8公里亚马逊生态测绘数据。