Diagnostics of the Mechanisms that Control the Interannual Variations of the South American Climate and Its Connection to Climate over North America

该项目调查影响南美洲热带雨季开始和结束的因素，从而影响农业生产力和水资源的供应。 目标是：㈠确定大规模环流异常，特别是邻近海洋海面温度年际变化所造成的环流异常，对控制南美洲北方雨季开始和结束的关键热力和动力因素的影响，（ii）探讨陆面过程和生物量燃烧如何通过影响雨季开始所需的大气边界层条件，季节性气候条件，（三）通过跨赤道气流描述南美洲、中美洲和北美洲热带区域气候之间的联系，并确定基本的动态过程。 拟采取的办法包括对与该区域气候学有关的若干数据集进行诊断性研究。 这些数据包括：欧洲中期天气预报中心的再分析、南美洲雨量计数据、亚马逊河流域大规模生物圈-大气实验的现场地表通量和土壤湿度、国际卫星云气候学项目的瞬时云数据、臭氧总量测绘光谱仪的气溶胶光学厚度以及美国航天局-艾姆斯公司的8公里亚马逊河生态测绘数据。

This project is an investigation of factors that influence the start and end of the rainy season in tropical South America and hence influence agricultural productivity and the availability of water resources. The objectives are: (i) to determine the influence of large-scale circulation anomalies, especially those forced by interannual variations of sea-surface temperatures in the adjacent oceans, on the key thermal and dynamic factors that control the onset and demise of the rainy season over the northern part of South America, (ii) to explore how land-surface processes and bio-mass burning modify the atmospheric boundary layer conditions needed for the onset of the rainy season by influencing pre-seasonal climate conditions, (iii) to characterize the link between regional climates in tropical South America, Central and North America via cross-equatorial flow and to identify the underlying dynamic processes. The approach to be taken consists of a diagnostic study of a number of data sets relevant to the climatology of the region. The data include: ECMWF reanalyses, South American rain gauge data, in situ surface fluxes and soil moisture from the Large Scale Biosphere-Atmosphere Experiment in Amazonia, instantaneous cloud data from the International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project, aerosol optical depth from the Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer, and the NASA-Ames 8-km Amazon Ecology Mapping data.