Cognitive, Physiological, and Mental Health Implications of Cultural Variation in Emotion Systems

消极情绪每天都会发生，这些想法和感觉会破坏一个人的成功和健康。研究表明，与东亚人相比，负面情绪对美国人的有害影响更大。这个项目的重点是了解负面情绪是如何产生负面影响的。它考虑的是一个人看待和解释负面情绪的方式是否会影响这些情绪的效果。一种理论认为，对负面情绪的负面信念会使这些负面情绪更加有害。主要的假设是消极情绪本身并不是消极的。然而，人们对这些消极情绪的反应产生了消极的结果。研究表明，与东亚人相比，美国人认为负面情绪更有害。人们对消极情绪的不同看法产生了消极的结果。该项目为设计干预措施奠定了基础，以促进更有效的方式应对负面情绪。这项研究将帮助教师提高学生的学习和成功，并帮助那些与情绪和焦虑障碍患者打交道的咨询师。本研究考察了文化差异对消极情绪的认知、生理、心理健康和表现的影响。多项行为实验研究了人们对压力事件的反应。认知、行为和荷尔蒙反应的测量被用来比较美国和东亚的样本。对情绪体验和觉醒的应激反应是通过皮质醇来测量的。参与者对不同的高要求任务（如演讲或做困难的数学问题）做出反应，以测试对压力源的表现和生理反应差异。对一个人的负面情绪的解释被测量来测试随后在压力和表现上的结果差异。这个项目有助于发展关于消极情绪的原因和影响的更一般的原则。除了推动心理学和情感神经科学领域的发展外，本研究还为提高学生的成功以及开发情绪和焦虑障碍患者的干预措施提供了许多实际和应用意义。该奖项反映了美国国家科学基金会的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

Negative emotions happen every day and those thoughts and feelings can undermine a person's success and health. Research shows that the harmful effects of negative emotions are greater among Americans compared to East Asians. This project focuses on understanding how negative emotions assert their negative influence. It considers whether the way a person views and interprets negative emotions influences the effects of those emotions. One theory is that unfavorable beliefs about negative emotions make those negative emotions more harmful. The primary hypothesis is that negative emotions per se are not negative. How people respond to those negative emotions, however, produces the negative outcomes. Research suggests that Americans, compared to East Asians, view negative emotions as more harmful. Such differences in how people think about negative emotions produce the negative outcomes. This project lays the foundation for the design of interventions that promote more effective ways to respond to negative emotions. The research will help teachers improve the learning and success of their students and help counselors who work with patients who have mood and anxiety disorders. This project examines the cognitive, physiological, mental health, and performance outcomes of cultural differences in beliefs about negative emotions. Multiple behavioral experiments examine how people respond to stressful events. Measures of cognitive, behavioral, and hormonal responses are used to compare American with East Asian samples. Stress responses to emotional experiences and arousal are measured via cortisol. Participants respond to different demanding tasks (such as giving a speech or doing difficult math problems) to test for performance and physiological reaction differences to the stressors. Interpretations of one's negative emotions are measured to test for subsequent outcome differences in stress and performance. This project helps to develop more general principles about the causes and effects of negative emotions. In addition to advancing the fields of psychology and affective neuroscience, this research offers many practical and applied implications for improving student success and developing interventions for patients with mood and anxiety disorders.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.