A Physiological Approach to Examining the Role of Racial Coping on Mental Health Among Black Adolescents

项目摘要 种族歧视已被确定为黑人青年的主要社会压力源1， 据报道，90%的黑人青年（8-16岁）至少经历过一次种族歧视。 由于这些遭遇，黑人青少年经历了种族压力，或与种族有关的交易 被认为是征税或威胁福祉的个人与其环境之间的关系（例如， 种族微侵略，伤害或伤害的威胁，以及目睹对黑人个人的伤害）。 压力与抑郁、焦虑和心理痛苦的增加有关。 黑人青少年中种族压力的普遍存在令人震惊，因为它增加了年轻人的可能性。 从事危险的性行为和滥用药物。16为了解决普遍存在的 公共卫生关注的存在种族压力的生活中的黑人青少年和他们的 随后的调整，这个NRSA提案的首要目标是利用多种方法， 方法（1）了解黑人青少年种族应对的性质，（2）确定文化 父母教养过程预测黑人青少年的种族应对，（3）检查 种族应对对种族歧视与心理健康之间关联的衰减效应 (i.e.,抑郁、焦虑和压力的症状）。目前对 黑人青少年的种族应对是有限的，因为（1）缺乏包括生理 种族应对测量的过程，（2）在调查中使用变量中心方法 父母种族应对中缺乏情感社会化内容 社会化预期的调查结果最终可以为加强和调整现有的 黑人青少年未来的种族应对和心理健康干预。当前项目 利用现有的关于黑人青少年情绪调节过程的纵向研究数据， 在弗吉尼亚州里士满的中学（6-8年级）期间：非洲人的情绪调节灵活性 美国青少年研究（ERFAA; PI：Lozada，NSF CAREER Award：2046607）。ERFAA研究 收集相关数据，使用生理评估来测试该提案的具体目标。 以及在观看种族歧视视频时自我报告的唤醒和调节， 自我报告的种族歧视措施经历抑郁，焦虑和压力症状。 利用以人为中心的方法将通过增强对以下内容的理解来推进文献：（1） 种族应对中的个体差异以及（2）这些个体差异如何影响 种族歧视与黑人青少年的心理健康有关。此外，我将研究一个 父母社会化的一种新的观察措施，以检查黑人父母的信息如何 行为和情绪应对对黑人青少年种族应对有预测作用。结果 从拟议的研究可以最终告知增强和剪裁当前和未来的 黑人青少年的种族应对和心理健康干预。预期的调查结果有 黑人青少年身心健康发展研究的意义 并与NIMH和NIMHD的关键目标保持一致。具体而言，该提案包括 在一个重要的过程中，对生物、行为和经验因素进行综合调查， 发展期，可以告知健康和发展途径的理解 精神病理学

PROJECT SUMMARY Racial discrimination has been identified as the primary social stressor for Black youth1 where 90% of Black youth (age 8-16) reportedly experienced at least one racial discriminatory encounter.2 As a result of these encounters, Black adolescents experience racial stress, or race-related transactions between individuals and their environment that are perceived as taxing or threaten well-being (e.g., racial microaggressions, threats of harm or injury, and witnessing harm to Black individuals).3,6 Racial stress has been associated with an increase in depression, anxiety, and psychological distress.4 The prevalence of racial stress among Black adolescents is alarming as it increases the likelihood of youth engaging in risky sexual behavior and substance abuse.16To address the pervasive and ubiquitous public health concern of the presence of racial stress in the lives of Black adolescents and their subsequent adjustment, the overarching goal of this NRSA proposal is to utilize a multi-method approach to (1) understand the nature of racial coping among Black adolescents, (2) identify cultural parenting processes that predicts racial coping among Black adolescents, and (3) examine the attenuating effects of racial coping on the association between racial discrimination and mental health (i.e., symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress) among Black adolescents. Present understanding of racial coping among Black adolescents is limited due to (1) the lack of inclusion of physiological processes in racial coping measurement, (2) the use of variable-centered approaches in investigations of racial coping, and (3) the lack of inclusion of emotion socialization in parents’ racial coping socialization. Anticipated findings can ultimately inform the enhancement and tailoring of current and future racial coping and mental health interventions for Black adolescents. The current project leverages data from an existing longitudinal study on Black adolescents’ emotion regulation processes during middle school (grades 6-8) in Richmond, Virginia: Emotion Regulatory Flexibility among African American Adolescents Study (ERFAA; PI: Lozada, NSF CAREER Award: 2046607). The ERFAA study collects relevant data to test the specific aims of this proposal using the assessment of physiological and self-reported arousal and regulation while watching a video vignette of racial discrimination and self-reported measures of racial discrimination experiences depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms. Utilizing a person-centered approach will advance the literature by enhancing understanding of: (1) individual differences in racial coping and (2) how those individual differences contribute to the ways racial discrimination is associated with Black adolescents’ mental health. Additionally, I will examine a novel observational measure of parents’ socialization to examine how Black parents' messages about behavioral and emotional coping with racism predict Black adolescents’ racial coping profiles. Results from the proposed research can ultimately inform the enhancement and tailoring of current and future racial coping and mental health interventions for Black adolescents. Anticipated findings have implications for mental and physical health development research among Black adolescent populations and align with the key goals of the NIMH, and the NIMHD. Specifically this proposal includes the integrative investigation of biological, behavioral, and experiential factors during an important developmental period that can inform an understanding of the developmental pathways of health and psychopathology.