Urbanization and Rural Land Rights Negotiations

城镇化与农村土地权利谈判

• 批准号: 1918352
• 负责人: Yi Wu
• 金额: $ 28.63万
• 依托单位: Clemson University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2019-07-15 至 2025-06-30
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1918352&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Urbanization; Rural; Land; Rights; Negotiations

With more than one half of the world's population now living in urban areas, urbanization is a global phenomenon that has been changing the world's physical environment and social fabric. However, urbanization is experienced differently across regions. The varying roles played by the government, local communities, and ordinary citizens are at the root of the diverse urbanization processes across the world. While the government can directly shape the outcome of urbanization through its laws, policies, and regulations, the roles played by local communities and ordinary citizens may be less visible and therefore overlooked. Nevertheless, the various types of grassroots activities can fundamentally affect the outcomes of urbanization (such as the spatial distribution of social resources, the redefinition of urban citizenship, and the reconstruction of property rights). Understanding how local communities and ordinary citizens experience and respond to the urbanization process in different social and cultural contexts can facilitate the development of programs and policies that are appropriate to specific communities or social groups. Such knowledge is especially important to developing countries where urbanization often resulted in uneven distribution of resources and unequal opportunities among social groups.Dr. Yi Wu of Clemson University will examine the social, political, and technological challenges associated with creating an equal and inclusive society in the midst of a rapid urbanization process. Because of it is urbanizing faster than most other regions, China is an appropriate context for exploring these questions. For example, 13% of China's population lived in cities in the 1950s, while the number reached 53.7% in 2013. Moreover, such rapid urbanization was accompanied by significant political changes, diverse social conflicts, and popular resistance. Conducted by Dr. Yi Wu (Clemson University), this research studies rural communities on China's urban fringes. Specifically, it examines whether and how village communities and rural individuals have defended and redefined their land rights within the context of rapid urbanization in the new-millennium China. Empirical data will be collected from three villages in China that have been experiencing urbanization at different rates and in different environments. Through participant observation, interviewing, and documentary research, Dr. Yi Wu collect data on (1) land loss caused by urban expansion in these communities, (2) each village's land development plans and strategies, and (3) the rights-asserting activities of rural individuals. Data from these villages will allow a comparison of land use patterns associated with different stages of urbanization, as well as a comparison of the varied perceptions of rural populations on issues of rights, equality, and social justice. Furthermore, data on how rural communities and individuals engage in land bargains may help social scientists and policy makers assess whether and how hybrid and contested property regimes can be conducive to economic development. In short, the questions addressed by this research concern not just China, but other parts of the world, especially developing countries.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

目前世界上一半以上的人口居住在城市地区，城市化是一种全球现象，一直在改变世界的自然环境和社会结构。然而，不同地区的城市化经历有所不同。政府、当地社区和普通公民所扮演的不同角色是世界各地多样化城市化进程的根源。虽然政府可以通过其法律、政策和法规直接塑造城市化的结果，但当地社区和普通公民所发挥的作用可能不太明显，因此被忽视。然而，各种类型的基层活动能够从根本上影响城市化的结果（如社会资源的空间分布、城市公民的重新定义、产权的重构）。了解当地社区和普通公民在不同社会和文化背景下如何体验和应对城市化进程，有助于制定适合特定社区或社会群体的计划和政策。这些知识对于发展中国家尤其重要，因为这些国家的城市化往往导致社会群体之间资源分配不均和机会不平等。克莱姆森大学的吴毅将研究在快速城市化进程中创建平等和包容性社会所面临的社会、政治和技术挑战。由于中国的城市化速度比大多数其他地区更快，中国是探讨这些问题的合适背景。例如，20世纪50年代，中国有13%的人口居住在城市，2013年这一数字达到53.7%。而且，如此快速的城市化伴随着重大的政治变革、多样的社会冲突和民众反抗。这项研究由吴一博士（克莱姆森大学）主持，研究中国城市边缘的农村社区。具体来说，它考察了在新世纪中国快速城市化的背景下，乡村社区和农村个人是否以及如何捍卫和重新定义他们的土地权利。 实证数据将从中国的三个村庄收集，这三个村庄以不同的速度和不同的环境经历着城市化。通过参与观察、访谈和文献研究，吴毅博士收集了以下数据：（1）这些社区因城市扩张而导致的土地流失；（2）每个村庄的土地开发计划和策略；（3）农村个人的维权活动。来自这些村庄的数据将有助于比较与不同城市化阶段相关的土地利用模式，以及比较农村人口对权利、平等和社会正义问题的不同看法。此外，有关农村社区和个人如何参与土地讨价还价的数据可能有助于社会科学家和政策制定者评估混合和有争议的财产制度是否以及如何有利于经济发展。简而言之，这项研究解决的问题不仅涉及中国，还涉及世界其他地区，特别是发展中国家。该奖项反映了 NSF 的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，认为值得支持。