DMREF: Collaborative Research:Elastomers Filled with Electro- and Magneto-Active Fluid Inclusions: A New Paradigm for Soft Active Materials

DMREF：合作研究：填充电活性和磁活性流体包裹体的弹性体：软活性材料的新范例

• 批准号: 1921969
• 负责人: Zoubeida Ounaies
• 金额: $ 59万
• 依托单位: Pennsylvania State Univ University Park
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2019-09-01 至 2025-08-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1921969&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: DMREF; Collaborative; Research; Elastomers; Filled

Over the last two decades, increasing research efforts have been devoted to the mathematics, mechanics, and physics of soft organic solids with the ultimate objective of capitalizing on the potential that these materials hold to enable a broad spectrum of new technologies. Among these efforts, recent advances in mathematical modeling and polymer processing have just revealed elastomers filled with electro- and magneto-sensitive fluid (as opposed to the conventional solid) inclusions as a potentially revolutionary class of advanced soft organic solids that may enable a plethora of next generation sensors and actuators capable of exhibiting extreme and unprecedented electro- and magneto-mechanical properties. In this context, this Designing Materials to Revolutionize and Engineer our Future (DMREF) award supports a research collaboration on the mathematical and computational bottom-up analysis and design and the experimental synthesis and characterization of the coupled electro- and magneto-mechanical properties of elastomers filled with three broad types of fluid inclusions - namely, electrically charged gas-filled pores, liquid-metal inclusions, and ferrofluid inclusions - with the objective of accelerating the pace of fundamental understanding and technological deployment of this promising class of materials. This project will train three graduate students for careers in academia or industry and will integrate research results in the undergraduate and graduate curricula at the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign and the Pennsylvania State University. The investigators will also carry out activities to promote interest in high school students to pursue higher education and careers in STEM programs, and especially in the fields of mathematics and materials science, through the creation of lesson modules and laboratory demonstrations. The overarching objective of this project is three-fold: 1) derive and numerically implement the homogenized equations describing the macroscopic electro- and magneto-mechanical response of elastomers filled with compressible and incompressible fluid inclusions directly accounting for the mechanical, electric, and magnetic interfacial forces at the elastomer/fluid-inclusion interfaces; 2) deploy the derived homogenized equations to guide the design of fluid inclusions that lead to porous electrets and elastomers filled with liquid-metal and ferrofluid inclusions with exceptional macroscopic electro- and magneto-mechanical properties; and 3) fabricate and characterize the microscopic and macroscopic properties of representative classes of electrets with electrically charged gas-filled pores, elastomers filled with liquid-metal inclusions, and elastomers filled with ferrofluid inclusions. The theoretical component involves new mathematical results and their associated numerical implementation that directly account for the rapid spatial variation (at the microscopic scale of the fluid inclusions) of space electrical charges and interfacial forces in the homogenization of the governing equations, namely, balance of momenta and Maxwell's equations. The experimental component, on the other hand, entails the synthesis of these new classes of multifunctional material systems and the development of new experiments that leverage in-situ X-ray tomography and thermally stimulated depolarization current measurements to extract the interfacial forces and space charge content and behavior at the elastomer/fluid-inclusion interfaces.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

在过去的二十年中，越来越多的研究工作致力于软有机固体的数学，力学和物理学，最终目标是利用这些材料的潜力，以实现广泛的新技术。在这些努力中，数学建模和聚合物加工方面的最新进展刚刚揭示了填充电敏和磁敏流体（与传统固体相反）内含物的弹性体作为一类潜在革命性的先进软有机固体，可能会实现大量的下一代传感器和致动器能够表现出极端和前所未有的机电性能。在这种情况下，这个设计材料革命和工程我们的未来（DMREF）奖支持的研究合作的数学和计算自下而上的分析和设计，以及实验合成和表征的耦合电和磁机械性能的弹性体填充有三种广泛类型的流体包裹体-即，带电的气体填充孔，液态金属夹杂物，和铁磁流体包裹体--目的是加快对这类有前途的材料的基本理解和技术部署的步伐。该项目将培训三名研究生从事学术或工业职业，并将把研究成果纳入伊利诺伊大学厄巴纳-香槟分校和宾夕法尼亚州立大学的本科生和研究生课程。调查人员还将开展活动，通过创建课程模块和实验室演示，促进高中生在STEM项目中接受高等教育和职业的兴趣，特别是在数学和材料科学领域。 本项目的主要目标有三个：1）推导并数值实现均匀化方程，该方程描述了填充可压缩和不可压缩流体包裹体的弹性体的宏观机电响应，直接考虑了弹性体/流体包裹体界面处的力、电和磁界面力; 2）部署所导出的均匀化方程以指导流体包裹体的设计，所述流体包裹体导致填充有液体金属和铁磁流体包裹体的多孔驻极体和弹性体，所述液体金属和铁磁流体包裹体具有优异的宏观机电性能;以及3）制造并表征具有带电气体填充孔的驻极体、填充有液态金属夹杂物的弹性体和填充有铁磁流体夹杂物的弹性体的代表性类别的微观和宏观性质。理论部分涉及新的数学结果及其相关的数值实现，直接占空间电荷和界面力的均匀化的控制方程，即动量平衡和麦克斯韦方程的快速空间变化（在微观尺度的流体包裹体）。另一方面，实验部分，需要合成这些新类别的多功能材料系统和开发新的实验，这些实验利用原位X射线断层扫描和热刺激去极化电流测量来提取弹性体/流体的界面力和空间电荷含量和行为，该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

项目成果

Interphase-assisted suppression of electrode polarization in nanoparticulate-elastomeric composites

• DOI: 10.1063/5.0141243
• 发表时间: 2023-04
• 期刊: Journal of Applied Physics
• 影响因子: 3.2
• 作者: A. Barhoumi Meddeb;Z. Ounaies

A facile method to enhance the flexibility and triboelectric output of PDMS using ionic liquid-coated single-wall carbon nanotubes

• DOI: 10.1016/j.nanoen.2021.106908
• 发表时间: 2021-12
• 期刊: Nano Energy
• 影响因子: 17.6
• 作者: Xiaoyue Zhao;Z. Ounaies