Supporting Marine Geoscience Research with ongoing Growth of the Global Multi-Resolution Topography Synthesis and Maintenance of GeoMapApp

通过不断发展的全球多分辨率地形合成和 GeoMapApp 维护来支持海洋地球科学研究

• 批准号: 1929655
• 负责人: Suzanne Carbotte
• 金额: $ 90.28万
• 依托单位: Columbia University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2019-09-01 至 2024-02-29
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1929655&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Supporting; Marine; Geoscience; Research; ongoing

Knowledge of the depths and morphology of the seafloor is essential for many areas of marine science. The morphology of the seabed provides a record of the diverse geologic processes that affect the submarine environment including volcanic eruptions, faulting, submarine landslides and sediment transport from the continental margins. Detailed seabed bathymetry is also important for other areas of marine science research including evaluation of biological habitats, ocean circulation studies, and prediction of tsunami inundation, as well as for applied studies including fisheries and coastal resource management. Measurements of depth and morphology are now typically achieved through the use of modern swath multibeam echosounders (MBESs). However, the global ocean is vast, and only a small fraction (15%) of the seafloor has been mapped with direct measurement, and the total area that can be mapped during a typical expedition is very limited. This makes preservation of and easy access to seabed mapping data of high value to the science community. MBES data collected during research expeditions funded by the NSF are now routinely archived and accessible through public databases provided by NOAA's National Centers for Environmental Information. However, specialist processing is needed to translate the raw expedition data into formats useful for diverse scientific and resource management applications. To help meet this need, the research team has developed the Global Multi-Resolution Topography (GMRT) synthesis which is a unified compilation of spatially sparse, quality controlled gridded MBES data merged with lower resolution global-scale ocean data, high-resolution terrestrial elevation data, and a collection of gridded bathymetry datasets at resolutions of meters to hundreds of meters. GMRT is the only such global synthesis, composed of a suite of multi-resolution grids and images, which at highest resolution preserve the full resolution of the underlying data, as well as attribution and access to source data. GMRT can be accessed through a variety of tools including GeoMapApp (GMA), which is a map-based visualization application that enables users to easily visualize seafloor morphology and make custom maps, as well as to visualize and analyze many other marine data types without the need for specialist expertise. Funding for this project supports the continued development and growth of the GMRT synthesis and maintenance of the GMA data visualization and analysis tool. The overall goals of this project are to (1) continue to build the GMRT global synthesis with the processing and integration of new quality controlled MBES coverage from expeditions of the U.S. academic fleet, (2) develop the tools and workflows to enable a distributed mode of GMRT data processing, and the efficient integration of processed MBES data generated by other mapping experts within the science community into the synthesis, (3) provide support for GMA to ensure that this tool is available for GMRT and other data visualization. Broader impacts of this project include greater ease-of-access to marine geoscience data for specialists and non-specialists alike; enhanced research productivity, obviating the need for the time-consuming data processing tasks needed to obtain usable products for scientific inquiry; and facilitating broad re-use of marine geoscience data, which enhances the return on tax-payer investments in ocean science.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

关于海底深度和形态的知识对于海洋科学的许多领域至关重要。海底的形态记录了影响海底环境的各种地质过程，包括火山爆发、断层作用、海底滑坡和大陆边缘的沉积物迁移。详细的海底水深测量对海洋科学研究的其他领域也很重要，包括生物生境评价、海洋环流研究和海啸淹没预测，对渔业和沿海资源管理等应用研究也很重要。深度和形态的测量现在通常通过使用现代条带多波束回声测深仪来实现。然而，全球海洋是广阔的，只有一小部分（15%）的海底已经通过直接测量绘制，并且在典型的探险期间可以绘制的总面积非常有限。这使得保存和方便获取海底测绘数据对科学界具有很高的价值。在NSF资助的研究考察期间收集的MBES数据现在定期存档，并通过NOAA国家环境信息中心提供的公共数据库访问。然而，需要专业处理才能将原始探险数据转换为适用于各种科学和资源管理应用的格式。为了帮助满足这一需求，研究小组开发了全球多分辨率地形（GMRT）合成，这是一个统一的汇编空间稀疏，质量控制网格MBES数据与较低分辨率的全球尺度海洋数据，高分辨率陆地高程数据合并，以及一系列网格测深数据集，分辨率从米到数百米。GMRT是唯一一个这样的全球综合，由一套多分辨率网格和图像组成，在最高分辨率下保留了基础数据的完整分辨率，以及源数据的属性和访问。GMRT可以通过各种工具访问，包括GeoMapApp（GMA），这是一个基于地图的可视化应用程序，使用户能够轻松地可视化海底形态并制作自定义地图，以及可视化和分析许多其他海洋数据类型，而无需专业知识。对这一项目的供资将用于支持全球海洋环境状况监测和报告综合工具的继续发展和增长，以及全球海洋环境状况评估数据可视化和分析工具的维护。该项目的总体目标是：（1）继续建立全球通用测绘资源测试系统，处理和整合来自美国学术船队考察的新的质量控制MBES覆盖范围，（2）开发工具和工作流程，以实现全球通用测绘资源测试系统数据处理的分布式模式，并将科学界其他制图专家生成的经处理的MBES数据有效整合到综合系统中，（3）为全球海洋环境状况评估提供支持，以确保该工具可用于全球海洋环境状况监测和评估以及其他数据可视化。这一项目的更广泛影响包括：使专家和非专家更容易获得海洋地球科学数据;提高研究生产力，避免为获得可用产品进行科学调查而进行耗时的数据处理工作;并促进海洋地球科学数据的广泛再利用，从而提高税收回报率-该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力价值和更广泛的影响审查标准。