Site specific adaptation by natural selection. A case study with lentil.

在植物遗传资源保护和利用的背景下，基因库储存（移地）和农场保护（原地）是重要的概念。在农场管理中，老品种的连续生产越来越受到重视。迄今为止，人们对“进化”适应地点特定条件的潜力和所涉及的机制知之甚少。该项目将调查三个问题：A在10代的短时间内，自然选择是否会导致种群变化？它们是否会导致特定地点的适应？在三个老品种中，原始种群将与在农场三个非常不同的地点暴露于自然选择的种群进行比较。将在三个选择点对原始种群、第5代和第10代进行田间试验（表型分析）。此外，群体将用AFLP标记（基因分型）进行分析。B什么是特定地点适应的原因？本试验中农田选址的差异主要在于供水。为了解决这个问题，我们将对所有地点经过10代自然选择的种群进行调查。在有干旱胁迫和没有干旱胁迫的情况下，将进行三个季节的田间试验。在6代内分别选择了小粒和大粒老扁豆品种。所得到的群体将在田间试验中生长，以研究种子大小、农艺性能和适应性相关性状的相关性。将使用SNP标记进行基因分型。该结果可为种子大小候选基因的鉴定提供参考。

In the context of conservation and use of plant genetic resources both storage in genebanks (ex-situ) and safeguard on-farm (in situ) are important concepts. Increasingly attention focuses on the continuous production of old varietes in on-farm management. To date little is known about the potential of "evolutionary" adaptation to site specific conditions and the mechanisms involved. The proposed project will investigate three questions: A Can natural selection during a short period of 10 generations lead to population changes and will they lead to site specific adaptation?In three old varieties the original populations will be compared with populations that were exposed to natural selection at three very different sites on-farm. Field trials with the original populations, generation 5, and generation 10 will be carried out at the three selection sites (phenotyping). Additionally the populations will be analysed with AFLP markers (genotyping). B What are the causes for site specific adaptation?The on-farm selection sites in this experiment differ mainly in water supply. To address the question populations from all sites after 10 generations of natural selection will be investigated. During three seasons field trials with and without drought stress will be carried out.C What is the significance of seed size for natural selection?Three old lentil varieties were selected during 6 generations for small and large seeds, respectively. The resulting populations will be in grown in field trials to investigate the correlation of seed size, agronomic performance, and fitness related traits. Genotyping will be carried out with SNP markers. The results may foster the identification of candidate genes for seed size.