CPS:Medium:Collaborative Research: High-Fidelity High-Resolution and Secure Monitoring and Control of Future Grids: a synergy of AI, data science, and hardware security

输电系统中可再生能源和分布式能源的不断增加，提高了对系统可靠性、弹性以及运营和网络安全的快速时间尺度态势感知的需求。尽管相量测量单元的发明承诺了对系统状态的近实时监控，但相量测量单元的有限部署阻碍了系统操作员发现不稳定趋势、对系统突发事件做出反应以及检测对电网的恶意攻击的能力。这项研究为未来电网的高保真、高分辨率和安全监测和控制开发了新的硬件和软件解决方案。通过利用和利用日益丰富和多样化的数据源，并通过机器学习和人工智能的新应用，本研究在三个方面推进了最先进的网络物理系统监测。首先，本研究开发了机器学习方法，用于现有相量测量单元无法观察到的电力系统的高分辨率状态估计。其次，本研究提供了新的解决方案，以检测和减轻由传感器、通信系统故障和敌对代理的网络攻击引起的数据异常。第三，本研究开发了一种新的硬件架构和原型，为未来的数字变电站提供基于硬件的安全性。这项研究对加强关键基础设施的国家安全、通过加速采用相量测量技术促进经济竞争力、扩大妇女和代表性不足的少数群体在科学、技术、工程和数学领域的参与具有更广泛的影响。该奖项反映了美国国家科学基金会的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

The increasing presence of renewable generations and distributed energy resources in transmission systems heightens the need for fast-timescale situational awareness for system reliability, resiliency, and both the operational and cyber security. Despite the invention of phasor measurement units that promised close-to-real-time monitoring of the system states, the limited deployment of phasor measurement units had hampered the ability of the system operator to uncover trends of instability, react to system contingencies, and detect malicious attacks on the power grid. This research develops new hardware and software solutions for high-fidelity, high-resolution, and secure monitoring and control of the future grid. By harnessing and exploiting the increasingly abundant and diverse data sources and through novel applications of machine learning and artificial intelligence, this research advances the state-of-the-art monitoring of cyber-physical systems in three fronts. First, this research develops machine learning approaches to high-resolution state estimation for power systems that are unobservable by existing phasor measurement units. Second, this research offers new solutions to detecting and mitigating data anomaly caused by malfunctions of sensors, communications systems, and cyber attacks by adversarial agents. Third, this research develops a new hardware architecture and prototypes for future digital substations that provide hardware-based security. This research has broader impacts on enhancing national security in critical infrastructures, promoting economic competitiveness through accelerated adoption of phasor measurement technology, and broadening participation of women and under-represented minority groups in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.