Coordination Funds

1993年研究小组调查了利用灵活的发动机过程产生有用的化学物质、功和热的可能性。基于燃烧研究的最新进展，在理论指导下，对均质装药压缩点火（HCCI）发动机的热力学有利过程进行实验研究。该研究部门涵盖了从模型开发，努力-经济分析和评估，优化，实验动力学研究到发动机测试的整个链条。考虑的燃料或起始化学物质主要是甲烷和小的含氧碳氢化合物，它们预计将长期可用，也可作为生物燃料或电子燃料。由于这些燃料的反应性较低，需要使用高新鲜气体温度或添加剂来促进点火。各种添加剂，特别是小醚，已经在迄今为止的工作中证明了它们的适用性，并导致了实际的发动机工艺，在热力学和经济上都是有利的。然而，迄今为止所研究的添加剂的缺点是，它们必须在相当高的浓度下使用，因此，相当大一部分能量是由添加剂提供的。最近，几ppm臭氧在促进点火精益HCCI发动机的有效性被证明。研究单位内的初步研究也表明，在与多联产工艺有关的富燃料混合物中应用臭氧的潜力很大。然而，启用这些新流程所需的详细信息目前还无法获得。因此，该研究单位将在拟议的项目阶段集中研究臭氧在多联产中的作用的机械、热力学、动力学和基于发动机的研究。一方面，臭氧的作用机制产生了问题，因为它在实际点燃之前就已经转化了，因此形成了进一步的活性中间体。这将通过实验和理论研究来阐明反应机理。此外，还出现了添加剂用量、添加剂对发动机过程和发动机热力学平衡的影响以及基于添加剂的整体过程（包括物质分离和能量整合）的问题。在采用的工艺参数范围内，烟灰的形成是一个限制参数。研究臭氧和含氧小碳氢化合物对烟灰形成的影响，尽量避免烟灰的形成。最后，将参考生产有用化学品、功和热的可比较的单独工艺，对发动机工艺及其燃烧经济性分析和评价进行优化。研究小组的首要目标是开发热力学和经济上有利的工艺，并为合理的多功能物种和能量转换做出贡献。

The Research Unit 1993 investigates possibilities of using flexible engine processes for the polygeneration of useful chemicals, work, and heat. Based on the state-of-the-art in combustion research, thermodynamically favorable processes in homogeneous-charge compression-ignition (HCCI) engines will be investigated experimentally, guided by theory. The research unit covers the entire chain from model development, exergo-economic analysis and evaluation, optimization, experimental-kinetics investigations to engine testing. The fuels or starting chemicals considered are mainly methane and small oxigenated hydrocarbons, which are expected to remain available for a long time, also as bio-fuel or e-fuel. Due to the low reactivity of these fuels, either high fresh gas temperatures or additives need to be used to promote ignition. Various additives, in particular small ethers, have proven their suitability in the work carried out to date and have led to practical engine processes that are thermodynamically and economically advantageous. The disadvantage of the additives studied to date, however, is that they must be applied at comparably high concentrations and thus a relatively large fraction of the energy is supplied by the additives. Recently the effectiveness of a few ppm ozone in promoting ignition in lean HCCI engines was demonstrated. Preliminary studies within the research unit show great potential also for the application of ozone in the context of fuel-rich mixtures that are relevant for polygeneration processes. The detailed information required for enabling these new processes is however not yet available. Therefore, the research unit will focus in the proposed project phase on the mechanistic, thermodynamic, kinetic and engine-based investigation of the role of ozone in polygeneration. On the one hand, the question arises as to the mechanism of action of ozone, since it is already converted before the actual ignition and therefore forms further reactive intermediates. This will be investigated experimentally and theoretically to elucidate the reaction mechanism. Furthermore, the question arises as to the quantity of additive to be used, its influence on the engine process and the thermodynamic balance of the engine and an overall process based on it, including species separation and energy integration. The formation of soot is a limiting parameter in the process parameter range used. The influence of ozone and small oxigenated hydrocarbons on soot formation shall also be investigated with the aim to avoid soot formation as far as possible. Finally, the optimization of the engine process and its exergo-economic analysis and evaluation will take place with reference to comparable separate processes for the production of useful chemicals, work and heat. The overarching aim of the research group is to develop thermodynamically and economically advantageous processes and to contribute to rational multifunctional species and energy conversion.