EAGER: Microscale Fingering Instabilities in Drying Colloid and Polymer Films

EAGER：干燥胶体和聚合物薄膜中的微尺度指法不稳定性

• 批准号: 1936541
• 负责人: James Gilchrist
• 金额: $ 18.56万
• 依托单位: Lehigh University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2019-09-01 至 2022-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1936541&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: EAGER; Microscale; Fingering; Instabilities; Drying

When a viscous fluid such as oil is trapped within a porous material like soil or sand, it is very difficult to remove. Trying to displace the trapped oil by forcing air into the material fails, because the lower viscosity air will penetrate through the higher viscosity oil. The air will form long fingers into the oil, leaving most of the oil behind. This visually striking process, known as the Saffman-Taylor instability, has been well documented in macroscopic systems. It strongly affects oil recovery processes for energy production and environmental remediation. In a serendipitous discovery, fingers were found in drying films of nanoparticles and polymer, similar to that found in paints used on buildings, cars, and many other consumer goods. What is surprising is that these fingers form at much smaller scales, and they do not follow the rules determined for the Saffman-Taylor instability. This project will investigate how the physics surrounding the formation of these microscopic fingers differs from macroscale phenomena. This fingering instability will be characterized quantitatively in well-controlled experiments and computational analysis of images obtained using specialized microscopy. The knowledge gained will be used to control or suppress the formation of fingers in order to alter the properties of these films. These fingers may be ubiquitous in drying thin films of particles in viscous liquids and may have a strong impact of the adhesion of these films to their substrates.This research will investigate a visually striking fluid flow instability in colloid-polymer thin films during drying that was found using high-speed confocal laser scanning microscopy. This is the first observation of a fingering instability of polymer solutions at micron or sub-micron length scales in porous materials such as colloidal crystals. Fingering instabilities, such as the Saffman-Taylor instability, have had broad impacts for transport in porous media for secondary oil recovery and aquifer transport. Most studies of the Saffman-Taylor instability focus on the displacement of one higher viscosity Newtonian fluid with an immiscible lower viscosity Newtonian fluid in either a Hele-Shaw cell or a porous material. Fingers in this study are not visible using regular light microscopy because they have wavelengths on the micron scale, defying the typical Saffman-Taylor scaling found in macroscopic systems. This project will investigate the modes of this instability across various polymer concentrations, polymer molecular weights, and particle sizes where the polymer radius of gyration ranges from very small to that which is comparable to the pore scale of colloidal crystals. The goal is to determine whether this fingering instability differs from previous studies due to the non-Newtonian behavior or the interfacial properties of the fluid at the nanoscale. Because the polymer is left behind, it forms well-defined solid structures at the film-substrate interface. These structures will be investigated and utilized in the fabrication of nanoscale or microscale networks of fluid channels for devices. Moreover, the fingering instability may have a significant effect on film adhesion to the substrate through reduction of contact area and/or creating microfibrillated structures.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

当粘性流体如油被困在土壤或沙子等多孔材料中时，很难将其清除。 试图通过迫使空气进入材料来取代被困的油是失败的，因为较低粘度的空气将穿透较高粘度的油。 空气会在油中形成长长的手指，留下大部分油。 这个视觉上惊人的过程，被称为Saffman-Taylor不稳定性，在宏观系统中有很好的记录。 它强烈影响用于能源生产和环境修复的石油回收过程。 在一次偶然的发现中，在纳米粒子和聚合物的干燥薄膜中发现了手指，类似于在建筑物，汽车和许多其他消费品上使用的油漆中发现的手指。 令人惊讶的是，这些手指形成的尺度要小得多，而且它们不遵循Saffman-Taylor不稳定性的规则。 这个项目将研究这些微观手指形成的物理过程与宏观现象的不同。 这种指进不稳定性将在控制良好的实验和使用专门的显微镜获得的图像的计算分析定量。 所获得的知识将用于控制或抑制指状物的形成，以改变这些膜的性质。 这些手指可能是无处不在的干燥薄膜的颗粒在粘性液体中，并可能有很强的影响，这些薄膜的粘附到他们的substrate.This研究将调查一个视觉上惊人的流体流动不稳定性的胶体聚合物薄膜干燥过程中，发现使用高速共聚焦激光扫描显微镜。 这是第一次观察到的指状不稳定性的聚合物溶液在微米或亚微米的长度尺度的多孔材料，如胶体晶体。 指进不稳定性，如Saffman-Taylor不稳定性，对二次采油和含水层输运的多孔介质中的输运产生了广泛的影响。 Saffman-Taylor不稳定性的大多数研究集中在Hele-Shaw盒或多孔材料中的一种高粘度牛顿流体与一种不混溶的低粘度牛顿流体的驱替。 这项研究中的手指使用常规光学显微镜是不可见的，因为它们具有微米级的波长，无视宏观系统中发现的典型Saffman-Taylor标度。 该项目将研究在不同聚合物浓度、聚合物分子量和颗粒尺寸下的这种不稳定性的模式，其中聚合物的回转半径范围从非常小到与胶体晶体的孔尺度相当。 我们的目标是确定这种指进不稳定性是否不同于以前的研究，由于非牛顿行为或在纳米级的流体的界面特性。 因为聚合物被留下，所以它在膜-基底界面处形成明确的固体结构。 这些结构将被研究并用于制造纳米级或微米级的流体通道网络的设备。 此外，指状不稳定性可能会通过减少接触面积和/或产生微纤维化结构，对薄膜与基材的粘附力产生重大影响。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

项目成果

Chemical vs. mechanical microstructure evolution in drying colloid and polymer coatings

• DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-66875-0
• 发表时间: 2020-06
• 期刊: Scientific Reports
• 影响因子: 4.6
• 作者: Thitiporn Kaewpetch;J. Gilchrist