Convergence Accelerator Phase I (RAISE): Convergence Hub for the Exploration of Space Science (CHESS)

融合加速器第一阶段（RAISE）：空间科学探索融合中心（CHESS）

• 批准号: 1937152
• 负责人: Ryan McGranaghan
• 金额: $ 89.23万
• 依托单位: ATMOSPHERIC & SPACE TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH ASSOCIATES, L.L.C.
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2019-09-01 至 2021-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1937152&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Convergence; Accelerator; Phase; RAISE; Hub

The NSF Convergence Accelerator supports team-based, multidisciplinary efforts that address challenges of national importance and show potential for deliverables in the near future. The broader impacts and potential societal benefit of this Convergence Accelerator Phase I project will be to forge the new convergent relationships necessary to respond to the grand challenges of space weather and fuse new capabilities that connect space weather and societal impacts. "Space weather" is the colloquial term used to describe the conditions and variability of the near-Earth space environment and its tangible impacts on technology, including critical infrastructure like the power grid, satellite services, navigation and communication systems. In Phase I, this project will focus on one of the most important and immediate impacts of space weather disturbances: disruptive and potentially catastrophic induced currents in the electric power grid known as geomagnetically induced currents (GICs); however, the outcomes will be more broad, providing a foundation for the growth of a space weather Open Knowledge Network in which new data providers can join and become a node in the network. The project intends to embrace a diverse community: diverse in discipline, in sector of society (i.e., across academia, industry, and the public sector), and in representation, and propose to adopt an ethos of 'open by default' by facilitating broad participation in this work through open source efforts and community engagement. The outcome will be extended capabilities of existing data resources, robust and efficient approaches to answering important research questions, and a practical framework to capture and access knowledge - each of which will be freely available. The experience gained through the project activities will provide lessons learned that will be used to help create a newly capable data literate workforce.The intellectual merit of this work will be to respond to three barriers that stand in the way of an understanding of space weather impact on the power grid commensurate with society's needs: (1) the lack of a cohesive community, due to the wide variety of subject matter experts working on topics related in various ways to space weather, (2) the lack of effective data sharing, coordination, and analysis (e.g., data science) to leverage existing resources and knowledge efficiently; and (3) the diversity of physically dominant processes in each section of the space weather environment, making it difficult to relate various models and observations. The Convergence Hub for the Exploration of Space Science (CHESS) plans to create new modes of data-driven discovery. The power grid will serve as a valuable first use case to cultivate a convergent community of space scientists, geophysicists, data scientists, and the industries most affected by space weather. By embracing a data science-driven perspective, that addresses the full data lifecycle from collection to management to processing/analysis and visualization, CHESS has the potential to have lasting impacts across each community. A specific goal of this effort is to respond to the central goal of the Heliophysics decadal survey to "determine the dynamics and coupling of Earth's magnetosphere, ionosphere, and atmosphere and their response to solar and terrestrial inputs" and the most pressing need identified in the 2019 Space Weather Strategy and Action Plan to "enhanc[e] the protection of critical infrastructure and national security assets."This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

NSF融合加速器支持以团队为基础的多学科努力，以应对国家重要性的挑战，并在不久的将来展示可交付成果的潜力。 这个融合加速器第一阶段项目的更广泛影响和潜在社会效益将是建立应对空间气象重大挑战所必需的新的融合关系，并融合连接空间气象和社会影响的新能力。“空间气象”是一个口语术语，用于描述近地空间环境的条件和可变性及其对技术的实际影响，包括对电网、卫星服务、导航和通信系统等关键基础设施的影响。在第一阶段，该项目将侧重于空间气象扰动最重要和最直接的影响之一：电力网中被称为地磁感应电流的破坏性和潜在灾难性感应电流;然而，成果将更为广泛，为空间气象开放知识网络的发展奠定基础，新的数据提供者可加入该网络并成为网络的一个节点。该项目旨在拥抱一个多样化的社区：学科多样化，社会部门多样化（即，在学术界，工业界和公共部门），并在代表性，并建议通过促进广泛参与这项工作，通过开源的努力和社区参与，通过'默认开放'的精神。其成果将是扩展现有数据资源的能力，回答重要研究问题的强大而有效的方法，以及获取和获取知识的实用框架-每一项都将免费提供。通过项目活动获得的经验教训将用于帮助建立一支新的有能力的数据素养的劳动力队伍，这项工作的智力价值将是应对三个障碍，这些障碍阻碍了对空间气象对电网的影响的理解，使之与社会需求相称：（1）由于从事以各种方式与空间气象相关的主题的各种各样的主题专家，缺乏一个有凝聚力的社区，（2）缺乏有效的数据共享、协调和分析（例如，数据科学）以有效利用现有资源和知识;以及（3）空间气象环境每个部分的主要物理过程多种多样，因此难以将各种模型和观测联系起来。空间科学探索融合中心（Convergence Hub for the Exploration of Space Science，CHESS）计划创建数据驱动发现的新模式。电网将作为一个有价值的第一个用例，培养一个由空间科学家、气象学家、数据科学家和受空间天气影响最大的行业组成的融合社区。通过采用数据科学驱动的视角，解决从收集到管理到处理/分析和可视化的整个数据生命周期，CHESS有可能在每个社区产生持久的影响。这一努力的一个具体目标是响应太阳物理学十年调查的中心目标，即“确定地球磁层、电离层和大气层的动态和耦合，以及它们对太阳和地球输入的响应”，以及2019年空间气象战略和行动计划中确定的最紧迫需求，即“加强对关键基础设施和国家安全资产的保护”。“这个奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并已被认为是值得通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估的支持。

项目成果

Revealing Novel Connections Between Space Weather and the Power Grid: Network Analysis of Ground‐Based Magnetometer and Geomagnetically Induced Currents (GIC) Measurements

揭示空间天气与电网之间的新联系：地基磁力计和地磁感应电流 (GIC) 测量的网络分析

• DOI: 10.1029/2021sw002727
• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: Space Weather
• 影响因子: 3.7
• 作者: Hughes, Joseph;Mcgranaghan, Ryan;Kellerman, Adam C.;Bortnik, Jacob;Arrit, Robert F.;Venkataramani, Karthik;Perry, Charles H.;McCormick, Jackson;Ngwira, Chigomezyo M.;Cohen, Morris
• 通讯作者: Cohen, Morris