Convergence Accelerator Phase I (RAISE): Convergence Hub for the Exploration of Space Science (CHESS)

NSF融合加速器支持以团队为基础的多学科努力，解决国家重要性的挑战，并在不久的将来显示出可交付成果的潜力。这个融合加速器第一阶段项目的更广泛影响和潜在社会效益将是建立新的融合关系，以应对空间天气的重大挑战，并融合连接空间天气和社会影响的新能力。“空间天气”是一个口语化的术语，用来描述近地空间环境的条件和变化，以及它对技术的实际影响，包括电网、卫星服务、导航和通信系统等关键基础设施。在第一阶段，该项目将重点关注空间天气干扰最重要和最直接的影响之一：电网中破坏性和潜在灾难性的感应电流，即地磁感应电流（gic）；然而，结果将更加广泛，为空间天气开放知识网络的发展提供基础，新的数据提供者可以加入并成为网络中的一个节点。该项目旨在拥抱一个多元化的社区：在学科、社会部门（即跨学术界、工业界和公共部门）和代表方面的多元化，并建议采用一种“默认开放”的精神，通过开源努力和社区参与促进广泛参与这项工作。结果将是扩展现有数据资源的能力、回答重要研究问题的可靠和有效的方法，以及捕获和获取知识的实用框架——每一个都将免费提供。通过项目活动获得的经验将提供经验教训，将用于帮助建立一支新的有能力的数据文化劳动力队伍。这项工作的智力价值将是应对阻碍理解与社会需求相称的空间天气对电网影响的三个障碍：(1)由于各种各样的主题专家以各种方式研究与空间天气相关的主题，缺乏一个有凝聚力的社区；(2)缺乏有效的数据共享、协调和分析（例如数据科学），以有效地利用现有资源和知识；(3)空间天气环境各部分物理主导过程的多样性，使各种模式和观测难以相互关联。空间科学探索融合中心（CHESS）计划创建数据驱动发现的新模式。电网将作为一个有价值的第一个用例，培养空间科学家、地球物理学家、数据科学家和受空间天气影响最大的行业的融合社区。通过采用数据科学驱动的视角，解决了从收集到管理到处理/分析和可视化的整个数据生命周期，CHESS有可能对每个社区产生持久的影响。这项工作的一个具体目标是响应太阳物理学年代际调查的中心目标，即“确定地球磁层、电离层和大气的动力学和耦合，以及它们对太阳和地面输入的响应”，以及2019年《空间天气战略和行动计划》中确定的最紧迫的需求，即“加强对关键基础设施和国家安全资产的保护”。该奖项反映了美国国家科学基金会的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

The NSF Convergence Accelerator supports team-based, multidisciplinary efforts that address challenges of national importance and show potential for deliverables in the near future. The broader impacts and potential societal benefit of this Convergence Accelerator Phase I project will be to forge the new convergent relationships necessary to respond to the grand challenges of space weather and fuse new capabilities that connect space weather and societal impacts. "Space weather" is the colloquial term used to describe the conditions and variability of the near-Earth space environment and its tangible impacts on technology, including critical infrastructure like the power grid, satellite services, navigation and communication systems. In Phase I, this project will focus on one of the most important and immediate impacts of space weather disturbances: disruptive and potentially catastrophic induced currents in the electric power grid known as geomagnetically induced currents (GICs); however, the outcomes will be more broad, providing a foundation for the growth of a space weather Open Knowledge Network in which new data providers can join and become a node in the network. The project intends to embrace a diverse community: diverse in discipline, in sector of society (i.e., across academia, industry, and the public sector), and in representation, and propose to adopt an ethos of 'open by default' by facilitating broad participation in this work through open source efforts and community engagement. The outcome will be extended capabilities of existing data resources, robust and efficient approaches to answering important research questions, and a practical framework to capture and access knowledge - each of which will be freely available. The experience gained through the project activities will provide lessons learned that will be used to help create a newly capable data literate workforce.The intellectual merit of this work will be to respond to three barriers that stand in the way of an understanding of space weather impact on the power grid commensurate with society's needs: (1) the lack of a cohesive community, due to the wide variety of subject matter experts working on topics related in various ways to space weather, (2) the lack of effective data sharing, coordination, and analysis (e.g., data science) to leverage existing resources and knowledge efficiently; and (3) the diversity of physically dominant processes in each section of the space weather environment, making it difficult to relate various models and observations. The Convergence Hub for the Exploration of Space Science (CHESS) plans to create new modes of data-driven discovery. The power grid will serve as a valuable first use case to cultivate a convergent community of space scientists, geophysicists, data scientists, and the industries most affected by space weather. By embracing a data science-driven perspective, that addresses the full data lifecycle from collection to management to processing/analysis and visualization, CHESS has the potential to have lasting impacts across each community. A specific goal of this effort is to respond to the central goal of the Heliophysics decadal survey to "determine the dynamics and coupling of Earth's magnetosphere, ionosphere, and atmosphere and their response to solar and terrestrial inputs" and the most pressing need identified in the 2019 Space Weather Strategy and Action Plan to "enhanc[e] the protection of critical infrastructure and national security assets."This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.