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Resolving uncertainties in sewage subsidies to urban aquatic ecosystems using continuous sensing and stable isotopes

利用连续传感和稳定同位素解决城市水生生态系统污水补贴的不确定性

基本信息

批准号：
1939977
负责人：
Emily Elliott
金额：
$ 38.92万
依托单位：
University of Pittsburgh
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Standard Grant
财政年份：
2020
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2020-03-15 至 2025-02-28
项目状态：
未结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1939977&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
Resolving uncertainties sewage subsidies urban

项目摘要

The presence of sewage in urban streams and rivers poses significant risks to human and environmental health: pathogens increase costs to treat drinking water and make recreation dangerous whereas excess nutrients from runoff and waste can cause algal blooms that can decimate aquatic ecosystems and limit recreational uses. This project addresses interactions between urban streams and urban water infrastructure systems. Sewage pipes flow by gravity, and thus are often deliberately installed in stream channels. As pipes age and leak, stream-sewer interactions and contamination are more likely. Currently, 45 major US cities have domestic sewer and storm drains combined into the same pipe system. When it rains, excess wastewater combines with stormwater, and can flow directly into streams and rivers through a combined sewer overflow. Despite the prevalence of this problem, neither of the two national centers of urban stream research in Baltimore and Phoenix include watersheds with combined sewer overflows. For this project, a nest of in-stream sensors will be established within an urban stream in Pittsburgh, PA. Sensors will collect water quality measurements at 15-minute intervals and give unprecedented insight as to how sewage leaks and overflows affect urban stream water quality at finely resolved time scales. This project will broadly benefit society by deepening understanding of a significant health risk, strengthening relationships between academia and local watershed associations, and educating the public about water quality, public health, and ongoing monitoring efforts. Due to altered hydrology and anthropogenic nutrient subsidies, there remains a critical need to understand the impacts of urban infrastructure systems on stream nutrient loads. This research investigates the elusive connection between catchment pipe infrastructure and ecological impacts in urban aquatic ecosystems by measuring finely-resolved changes in nitrate concentrations and other water quality parameters, evaluating the effects of sewage subsidies on in-stream gross primary productivity, and exploring changes in nitrate mobilization and transport during storm events. This will be accomplished using an unusual combination of stable isotope tracers (nitrate, water) and continuous sensing to disentangle the convoluted signals of watershed transport and transformation of nutrients in urban systems. Nine Mile Run, an urban stream in Pittsburgh, PA with buried headwaters, co-located sewer pipe infrastructure, and combined sewer overflows, will be the focus of the study. A water quality station featuring an ultraviolet nitrate analyzer and a multi-parameter water quality sonde will measure high frequency water chemistry over a two-year period. In-situ sensors, along with an ISCO autosampler, will capture and reveal the full range of daily variations, as well as mid-storm changes, that have not been visible with previous grab sampling. This combination of data on the sources, timing, and delivery of both nitrate and water will allow for better characterization of solute flow paths, elucidate when and how wastewater-groundwater-surface water interactions are occurring, and the effects they have on catchment transport, stream productivity, and stream biogeochemistry. This project will broadly benefit society by deepening understanding of a significant health risk and educating the public about water quality, public health, and ongoing monitoring efforts. It will also expand upon ongoing efforts by the Pittsburgh Collaboratory for Water Research, Education and Outreach to strengthen collaborations between University of Pittsburgh researchers with communities and to continue building a graduate program centered on community-engaged water research.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

城市溪流和河流中存在的污水对人类和环境健康构成重大风险：病原体增加了处理饮用水的成本，使娱乐活动变得危险，而径流和废物中的过量营养物质可能导致藻华，从而破坏水生生态系统并限制娱乐用途。该项目解决了城市河流和城市水基础设施系统之间的相互作用。污水管道靠重力流动，因此通常故意安装在河道中。随着管道老化和泄漏，河流-下水道相互作用和污染的可能性更大。目前，美国有45个主要城市将家庭下水道和雨水渠合并到同一个管道系统中。当下雨时，多余的废水与雨水结合，并可以通过联合下水道溢出直接流入溪流和河流。尽管这个问题很普遍，但巴尔的摩和凤凰城的两个国家城市河流研究中心都没有包括合并下水道溢出的流域。在这个项目中，将在宾夕法尼亚州匹兹堡的一条城市河流中建立一套流内传感器。传感器将每隔15分钟收集一次水质测量数据，并在精细分辨的时间尺度上对污水泄漏和溢流如何影响城市溪流水质提供前所未有的见解。该项目将加深对重大健康风险的了解，加强学术界与地方流域协会之间的关系，并就水质、公共卫生和正在进行的监测工作对公众进行教育，从而广泛造福社会。由于水文变化和人为养分补贴，仍然迫切需要了解城市基础设施系统对河流养分负荷的影响。本研究通过测量硝酸盐浓度和其他水质参数的精细变化，评估污水补贴对河流总初级生产力的影响，以及探索暴雨期间硝酸盐动员和运输的变化，探讨了城市水生态系统中集水管基础设施与生态影响之间难以捉摸的联系。这将通过稳定同位素示踪剂（硝酸盐、水）和连续传感的不寻常组合来完成，以解开城市系统中流域运输和营养物质转化的复杂信号。九英里流是宾夕法尼亚州匹兹堡市的一条城市河流，其源头埋在地下，污水管道基础设施位于同一位置，污水管道合流将成为研究的重点。一个水质站配备了紫外线硝酸盐分析仪和多参数水质探空仪，将在两年的时间内测量高频水化学。现场传感器与ISCO自动进样器一起，将捕获并揭示所有的日常变化，以及风暴中期的变化，这些变化在以前的抓取采样中是不可见的。结合硝酸盐和水的来源、时间和输送数据，可以更好地描述溶质流动路径，阐明废水-地下水-地表水相互作用发生的时间和方式，以及它们对集水区运输、河流生产力和河流生物地球化学的影响。该项目将加深对重大健康风险的了解，并教育公众了解水质、公共卫生和正在进行的监测工作，从而广泛造福社会。它还将扩大匹兹堡水研究、教育和推广合作实验室正在进行的努力，以加强匹兹堡大学研究人员与社区之间的合作，并继续建立一个以社区参与的水研究为中心的研究生项目。该奖项反映了美国国家科学基金会的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

项目成果

期刊论文数量（3）

专著数量（0）

科研奖励数量（0）

会议论文数量（0）

专利数量（0）

Riverine nitrogen source and yield in urban systems

城市系统中的河流氮源和产量

DOI：
10.1002/fee.2679
发表时间：
2023
期刊：
Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment
影响因子：
10.3
作者：
Chung, Angela H;Elliott, Emily M;Bain, Daniel J;Thomas, Brian F;River, Mark;Nim, Carl J;Darden, Julie A
通讯作者：
Darden, Julie A

Event scale hydrograph responses highlight impacts of widespread stream burial and urban infrastructure failures