CAREER:Electro-Optical Logic Gates Based on Perovskite Phototransistors

非技术PI将研究基于一类新材料的光电电路，金属卤化物钙钛矿。这些材料是像硅一样的半导体，但它们可以在低温下进行溶液处理。它们的电子和光学性质也可以化学调谐。低成本加工和广泛多样的组合导致了对这些材料用于太阳能电池和发光二极管等器件的深入研究。然而，他们很少被认为是最新的光电电路。钙钛矿的光电特性将被研究，它们将被用于制造光电晶体管等原理验证设备。这些器件将被集成到下一代电子电路中，用于差分放大器和光学传感器等应用。它们甚至有希望成为受生物神经系统启发的神经形态回路。PI将通过YouTube频道创建和分发与本研究相关的视频，作为该综合研究教育项目的一部分。PI还将开发与虚拟现实（VR）耳机兼容的立体视频，这些视频基于3D渲染环境（如分子内部）或在实验室拍摄。此外，还计划开发与教育和研究用VR头戴式设备相兼容的基于Web的交互式3D教学应用程序。技术尽管在太阳能电池和发光二极管方面的应用得到了广泛的研究，但迄今为止，很少考虑将金属卤化物钙钛矿（MHP）用于晶体管和逻辑门等信息处理应用。它们的高载流子迁移率和强的、可调谐的吸收特性使它们成为光电逻辑门的理想候选者。虽然二端光电二极管在许多应用中已被用作光学传感器，但本文作者将检测和放大限制在单个器件：三端光电晶体管。尽管了解甚少，光电晶体管可以潜在地在单个电路元件中检测和处理光信号，具有通过施加到第三（栅极）端子的电压可调谐的响应度，并且可以在差分放大器中采用。在该项目中，该团队将开展一系列广泛的研究活动，涉及MHP在薄膜电子学中的应用优化和研究;特别是在基于光电晶体管的光学非门中的实施。可再生和可预测的基于MHP的光电晶体管将使一系列新型器件成为可能，如差分放大器、机械柔性器件、光学偏振传感器和神经形态光传感器。作为这一综合研究教育项目的一部分，PI将通过YouTube频道传播与这一研究方案有关的主题视频。PI还将开发和传播与基于3D渲染环境（例如分子内部）或在实验室/教室内拍摄的虚拟现实（VR）耳机兼容的立体视频。此外，还将开发与VR头显兼容的基于网络和桌面的交互式3D教学应用程序，用于教育和研究。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

NontechnicalThe PI will investigate opto-electronic circuits based on a new class of materials, metal halide perovskites. These materials are semiconductors like silicon, but they can be solution processed at low temperatures. Their electronic and optical properties can also be chemically tuned. The combination of low cost processing and wide variety has led to intense studies of these materials for devices such as solar cells and light emitting diodes. However, they have been scarcely considered to-date for opto-electronic circuits. The opto-electronic properties of perovskites will be studied, and they will be used to make proof-of-principle devices such as phototransistors. These devices will be incorporated into next-generation electronic circuits for applications such as differential amplifiers and optical sensors. They even have promise for neuromorphic circuits inspired by biological nervous systems. The PI will create and distribute videos related to this research via a YouTube channel as a part of this integrated research-education project. The PI will also develop stereoscopic videos compatible with virtual-reality (VR) headsets based on either 3D-rendered environments such as the inside a molecule or filmed in the laboratory. Web-based and desktop interactive 3D teaching applications compatible with VR headsets for education and research are also planned.TechnicalDespite being intensely studied for applications in solar cells and light emitting diodes, metal halide perovskites (MHPs) have to-date scarcely considered for information-processing applications, such as transistors and logic gates. Their high carrier mobility and strong, tunable, absorption properties make them ideal candidates for opto-electronic logic gates. While 2-terminal photodiodes have been employed as optical sensors in many applications, the authors here will restrict detection and amplification to a single device: a three-terminal phototransistor. Despite being poorly understood, phototransistors can potentially detect and process optical signals in a single circuit element, possess a responsivity tunable through the voltage applied to the third (gate) terminal, and can be employed in differential amplifiers. Within this project, the team will undertake a broad set of research activates concerning the optimization and study of MHPs for application in thin-film electronics; in particular, for implementation in phototransistor-based optical NOT gates. Reproducible and predictable MHP-based phototransistors will enable a range of novel devices such as differential amplifiers, mechanically flexible devices, optical polarization sensors, and neuromorphic light sensors. As part of this integrated research-education project, the PI will disseminate videos on topics related to this program of research via a YouTube channel. The PI will also develop and disseminate stereoscopic videos compatible with virtual-reality (VR) headsets based on either 3D-rendered environments (e.g. inside molecules), or filmed inside laboratories / classrooms. Additionally, web-based and desktop interactive 3D teaching applications compatible with VR headsets for education and research will be developed.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.