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CAREER: The evolution and development of cognitive control

职业：认知控制的演变和发展

基本信息

批准号：
1944881
负责人：
Alexandra Rosati
金额：
$ 58.62万
依托单位：
Regents of the University of Michigan - Ann Arbor
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Continuing Grant
财政年份：
2020
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2020-02-01 至 2025-01-31
项目状态：
未结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1944881&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
CAREER evolution development cognitive control

项目摘要

Cognitive control is a defining characteristic of intelligent, flexible behavior. These regulatory cognitive processes coordinate behavior so it aligns with current goals and is appropriate for a given context; for example, by turning off reflexive responses (such as reaching directly for a reward) and exerting self-control in service of long-term goals (such as planning for better rewards in the future). Why do some individuals exhibit more robust cognitive control than others? This project will develop novel experimental tasks, spanning multiple core components of cognitive control, to assess its emergence across species and over maturation. To do so, the project will leverage the strengths of several large, naturalistic populations where primates (here, chimpanzees, macaques, and lemurs) are semi-free-ranging but controlled cognitive experiments are also possible. By integrating data across multiple species, the project will examine when and why flexible forms of cognitive control emerge and test different proposed pathways that may promote cognitive control. Training, education, and outreach aimed at students from elementary school through graduate school will be integrated throughout the project. The project will develop an educational outreach program on primate cognition, behavior, and conservation for children, implemented in Michigan, Puerto Rico, and Uganda. Undergraduates will grain hands-on research experience through internships and course work integrating data science training, including through a new a summer internship program in primate cognition and behavior aimed at broadening student representation and access to the field. Finally, research teams will be led by postdoctoral researchers and graduate students, providing key international research experiences for trainees.This project has three specific aims. The first aim is to identify unique aspects of cognitive control in humans and compare this with chimpanzees. There have been few standardized assessments of cognitive control in non-human primates. Here the research team will develop a battery of experimental tasks comprising key measures of working memory, inhibition, updating, performance monitoring, and planning to assess the structure of cognitive control in chimpanzees. The second aim is to test the hypothesis that the emergence of flexible cognition is linked to slow life histories with an extended period of juvenile development. The project will adapt the cognitive control battery to compare the ontogeny of cognitive control in chimpanzees (with slower life histories) and macaques (faster life histories). The third aim is to examine the general evolutionary pathways shaping the emergence of cognitive control by contrasting two major hypotheses about intelligence: the social intelligence hypothesis predicts that cognition evolves in response to complex social life, whereas the ecological intelligence hypothesis predicts that dietary ecology is more important. By comparing cognitive control capacities across eight closely-related lemur species that vary widely in natural history, the project will tease apart the relative contribution of social versus ecological complexity the emergence of intelligent, flexible behavior. This project will bridge evolutionary and developmental perspectives on cognition by leveraging the strengths of several naturalistic populations of chimpanzees, macaques, and lemurs varying in age. Together, this work will address the ultimate function and proximate mechanisms building robust executive control abilities across species. This project is jointly funded by the Behavioral Systems Cluster in the Directorate for Biological Sciences and the Biological Anthropology Program in the Directorate for Social, Behavioral and Economic Sciences.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

认知控制是智能、灵活行为的一个重要特征。这些调节认知过程协调行为，使其与当前目标保持一致，并适合给定的背景；例如，通过关闭反射性反应(如直接获得奖励)和实施自我控制来服务于长期目标(如计划未来更好的奖励)。为什么有些人表现出比其他人更强健的认知控制能力？该项目将开发新的实验任务，跨越认知控制的多个核心组成部分，以评估其跨物种和过成熟的出现。为此，该项目将利用几个大型自然主义种群的优势，在这些种群中，灵长类动物(这里是黑猩猩、猕猴和狐猴)是半自由放养的，但也可能进行受控的认知实验。通过整合多个物种的数据，该项目将研究何时以及为什么出现灵活的认知控制形式，并测试可能促进认知控制的不同拟议路径。针对从小学到研究生的学生的培训、教育和外展将纳入整个项目。该项目将开发一个关于儿童灵长类认知、行为和保护的教育推广计划，在密歇根州、波多黎各和乌干达实施。本科生将通过实习和整合数据科学培训的课程工作来积累实践研究经验，包括通过一个新的灵长类认知和行为暑期实习计划，旨在扩大学生在该领域的代表性和接触机会。最后，研究团队将由博士后研究员和研究生领导，为学员提供关键的国际研究经验。该项目有三个具体目标。第一个目标是确定人类认知控制的独特方面，并将其与黑猩猩进行比较。在非人类灵长类动物中，很少有关于认知控制的标准化评估。在这里，研究小组将开发一系列实验任务，包括工作记忆、抑制、更新、性能监控和计划等关键措施，以评估黑猩猩的认知控制结构。第二个目的是验证这一假设，即灵活认知的出现与缓慢的生活史和较长的青少年发育期有关。该项目将调整认知控制电池，以比较黑猩猩(生活史较慢)和猕猴(生活史较快)的认知控制个体发育。第三个目的是通过对比两个关于智力的主要假说来考察影响认知控制出现的一般进化路径：社会智力假说预测认知随着复杂的社会生活而进化，而生态智力假说预测饮食生态更重要。通过比较8种在自然历史上差异很大的密切相关狐猴物种的认知控制能力，该项目将梳理出智能、灵活行为的出现对社会和生态复杂性的相对贡献。这个项目将通过利用几个年龄不同的黑猩猩、猕猴和狐猴的自然主义种群的优势，在认知方面架起进化和发展的桥梁。总而言之，这项工作将解决建立跨物种强大执行控制能力的最终功能和最接近的机制。该项目由生物科学局的行为系统集群和社会、行为和经济科学局的生物人类学项目共同资助。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。