CAREER: From Desert to Coastal Rainforest Soils- How do fungi transform minerals deployed across natural weathering gradients?

职业:从沙漠到沿海雨林土壤——真菌如何转化自然风化梯度中的矿物质?

基本信息

  • 批准号:
    1945659
  • 负责人:
  • 金额:
    $ 65万
  • 依托单位:
  • 依托单位国家:
    美国
  • 项目类别:
    Continuing Grant
  • 财政年份:
    2021
  • 资助国家:
    美国
  • 起止时间:
    2021-01-01 至 2021-12-31
  • 项目状态:
    已结题

项目摘要

Mineral weathering replenishes the supply of inorganic nutrients that sustains terrestrial life on Earth. The soil microbiome, including fungal communities, contributes to weathering by disrupting, dissolving, and extracting nutrients from mineral grains. Fungi seek out nutrients and water sources by spreading networks of exploratory hyphae across a soil landscape. However, identifying the mechanisms used by fungi to transform minerals to extract rock-derived nutrients remains challenging, especially in natural soils that span different climates, rock types, and ecosystems. The goal of the research is to understand how fungi interact with abiotic environments to initiate mineral weathering and form soil in Earth’s critical zone. This project will utilize recent advances in high resolution microscopy and mass spectrometry to examine fungi interacting with mineral surfaces at micro-to nano-scale resolutions. The results will demonstrate how new technologies can promote the progress of the earth and environmental sciences in combination with an Integrated Critical Zone Model. The project findings will bring economic and societal benefits with respect to soil preservation, agricultural activity, and bio-engineering given the ubiquitous nature of soil fungi in the environment. This research will be integrated with the educational goal to diversify, recruit, and retain community college students in the (geo)sciences academic pipeline by implementing: Soils & Outreach for Integrated Learning & Self-Efficacy (SOILS) Bridge. The bridge program will enhance academic and social resources for incoming college students through tiered mentoring, training in the field and lab, and K-12 outreach. This work will probe into fungal-mineral interactions across spatial scales to answer unresolved questions related to fungal impact on mineral transformations and contributions to nutrient cycling. The research objectives are to: 1) Assess weathering of natural soils and incipient transformation of mineral substrates buried in mesh bags across landscapes that span bioclimatic (desert to coastal rainforest) and topographic (summit to drainage) gradients, 2) Differentiate weathering agents and the initial stages of fungal-driven weathering in field systems using microscopy, mass spectrometry, and elemental analyses of deployed minerals, and 3) Quantify mass transfer rates of mineral elements normalized to mineral-fungi contact areas determined from field-deployed mineral samples and subsequently upscaled using soil process models. The study will provide unprecedented insight into how fungi respond to climate, topography, and nutrient availability and will offer mechanistic insights into processes that upregulate weathering in natural soils.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.
矿物风化补充了维持地球上陆地生命的无机营养物质的供应。土壤微生物群,包括真菌群落,通过破坏、溶解和从矿物颗粒中提取营养物质来促进风化。真菌通过在土壤景观中传播探索性菌丝网络来寻找营养和水源。然而,确定真菌将矿物质转化为提取岩石来源营养物质的机制仍然具有挑战性,特别是在跨越不同气候、岩石类型和生态系统的自然土壤中。这项研究的目的是了解真菌如何与非生物环境相互作用,以启动矿物风化,并在地球的关键地带形成土壤。该项目将利用高分辨率显微镜和质谱技术的最新进展,在微到纳米尺度上研究真菌与矿物表面的相互作用。结果将展示新技术如何与综合临界带模型相结合,促进地球和环境科学的进步。鉴于土壤真菌在环境中无处不在的性质,该项目的研究结果将在土壤保护、农业活动和生物工程方面带来经济和社会效益。这项研究将与教育目标相结合,通过实施:土壤与综合学习与自我效能(土壤)桥梁,使社区大学学生在(地球)科学学术管道中多样化,招募和留住他们。该桥梁项目将通过分层指导、实地和实验室培训以及K-12外展,为即将入学的大学生提供学术和社会资源。这项工作将探索跨空间尺度的真菌-矿物质相互作用,以回答有关真菌对矿物质转化和营养循环贡献的影响的未解决的问题。研究目标是:1)评估自然土壤的风化和埋在网袋中的矿物基质的早期转化,这些景观跨越生物气候(沙漠到沿海雨林)和地形(山顶到流域)梯度;2)利用显微镜、质谱分析和部署矿物的元素分析,区分风化剂和野外系统中真菌驱动的风化的初始阶段;3)量化矿物元素的传质率,这些传质率归一化为矿物-真菌接触区域,由实地部署的矿物样品确定,随后使用土壤过程模型进行放大。这项研究将为真菌如何对气候、地形和养分可用性做出反应提供前所未有的见解,并将为自然土壤中上调风化过程提供机制见解。该奖项反映了美国国家科学基金会的法定使命,并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估,被认为值得支持。

项目成果

期刊论文数量(1)
专著数量(0)
科研奖励数量(0)
会议论文数量(0)
专利数量(0)
Connecting soils to life in conservation planning, nutrient cycling, and planetary science
  • DOI:
    10.1016/j.earscirev.2022.104247
  • 发表时间:
    2023-01-06
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
    12.1
  • 作者:
    Lybrand,Rebecca A.
  • 通讯作者:
    Lybrand,Rebecca A.
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Rebecca Lybrand其他文献

Rebecca Lybrand的其他文献

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{{ truncateString('Rebecca Lybrand', 18)}}的其他基金

CAREER: From Desert to Coastal Rainforest Soils- How do fungi transform minerals deployed across natural weathering gradients?
职业:从沙漠到沿海雨林土壤——真菌如何转化自然风化梯度中的矿物质?
  • 批准号:
    2131432
  • 财政年份:
    2021
  • 资助金额:
    $ 65万
  • 项目类别:
    Continuing Grant

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    面上项目

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