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CAREER: From Desert to Coastal Rainforest Soils- How do fungi transform minerals deployed across natural weathering gradients?

职业：从沙漠到沿海雨林土壤——真菌如何转化自然风化梯度中的矿物质？

基本信息

批准号：
2131432
负责人：
Rebecca Lybrand
金额：
$ 65万
依托单位：
University of California-Davis
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Continuing Grant
财政年份：
2021
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2021-05-01 至 2025-12-31
项目状态：
未结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2131432&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
CAREER Desert Coastal Rainforest Soils

项目摘要

Mineral weathering replenishes the supply of inorganic nutrients that sustains terrestrial life on Earth. The soil microbiome, including fungal communities, contributes to weathering by disrupting, dissolving, and extracting nutrients from mineral grains. Fungi seek out nutrients and water sources by spreading networks of exploratory hyphae across a soil landscape. However, identifying the mechanisms used by fungi to transform minerals to extract rock-derived nutrients remains challenging, especially in natural soils that span different climates, rock types, and ecosystems. The goal of the research is to understand how fungi interact with abiotic environments to initiate mineral weathering and form soil in Earth’s critical zone. This project will utilize recent advances in high resolution microscopy and mass spectrometry to examine fungi interacting with mineral surfaces at micro-to nano-scale resolutions. The results will demonstrate how new technologies can promote the progress of the earth and environmental sciences in combination with an Integrated Critical Zone Model. The project findings will bring economic and societal benefits with respect to soil preservation, agricultural activity, and bio-engineering given the ubiquitous nature of soil fungi in the environment. This research will be integrated with the educational goal to diversify, recruit, and retain community college students in the (geo)sciences academic pipeline by implementing: Soils & Outreach for Integrated Learning & Self-Efficacy (SOILS) Bridge. The bridge program will enhance academic and social resources for incoming college students through tiered mentoring, training in the field and lab, and K-12 outreach. This work will probe into fungal-mineral interactions across spatial scales to answer unresolved questions related to fungal impact on mineral transformations and contributions to nutrient cycling. The research objectives are to: 1) Assess weathering of natural soils and incipient transformation of mineral substrates buried in mesh bags across landscapes that span bioclimatic (desert to coastal rainforest) and topographic (summit to drainage) gradients, 2) Differentiate weathering agents and the initial stages of fungal-driven weathering in field systems using microscopy, mass spectrometry, and elemental analyses of deployed minerals, and 3) Quantify mass transfer rates of mineral elements normalized to mineral-fungi contact areas determined from field-deployed mineral samples and subsequently upscaled using soil process models. The study will provide unprecedented insight into how fungi respond to climate, topography, and nutrient availability and will offer mechanistic insights into processes that upregulate weathering in natural soils.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

矿物风化补充了维持地球上陆地生命的无机营养物质的供应。土壤微生物群，包括真菌群落，通过破坏、溶解和从矿物颗粒中提取养分来促进风化。真菌通过在土壤景观中传播探索性菌丝网络来寻找养分和水源。然而，确定真菌转化矿物质以提取岩石养分的机制仍然具有挑战性，特别是在跨越不同气候、岩石类型和生态系统的自然土壤中。这项研究的目标是了解真菌如何与非生物环境相互作用，启动矿物风化，并在地球的临界区形成土壤。该项目将利用高分辨率显微镜和质谱学的最新进展，以微米到纳米级的分辨率检查真菌与矿物表面的相互作用。结果将展示新技术如何结合综合临界区模型促进地球和环境科学的进步。鉴于土壤真菌在环境中无处不在的性质，该项目的发现将在土壤保护、农业活动和生物工程方面带来经济和社会效益。这项研究将与教育目标相结合，通过实施：土壤与综合学习与自我效能(土壤)桥来多样化、招收并留住(地球)科学学术管道中的社区大学学生。桥梁项目将通过分级指导、实地和实验室培训以及K-12外展，为即将入学的大学生提供更多的学术和社会资源。这项工作将探讨真菌与矿物质在空间尺度上的相互作用，以回答与真菌对矿物质转化的影响和对营养循环的贡献有关的悬而未决的问题。其研究目标是：1)评估自然土壤的风化和埋藏在网袋中的矿物底物的早期转化，跨越生物气候(从沙漠到沿海雨林)和地形(从山顶到排水)的坡度；2)利用显微镜、质谱分析和对已部署矿物的元素分析，区分风化剂和田间系统中真菌驱动的风化的初始阶段；3)量化矿物元素的质量传输率，这些元素通过实地部署的矿物样本确定并随后利用土壤过程模型进行放大。这项研究将为真菌如何响应气候、地形和养分供应提供前所未有的见解，并将提供对自然土壤风化过程的机械性见解。这一奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力优势和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。