Dissertation Grant: Engineering Stillness: The History of Site Selection and Signal Epistemological Development of the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (LIGO)

论文资助:工程静止:激光干涉仪引力波天文台(LIGO)选址和信号认识论发展的历史

基本信息

  • 批准号:
    1946555
  • 负责人:
  • 金额:
    $ 1.23万
  • 依托单位:
  • 依托单位国家:
    美国
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
  • 财政年份:
    2020
  • 资助国家:
    美国
  • 起止时间:
    2020-04-01 至 2023-03-31
  • 项目状态:
    已结题

项目摘要

This award supports a doctoral dissertation research project in history of science on the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (LIGO). The project has two goal. It will provide a better understanding of the process through which the paired sites of Hanford (Washington) and Livingston (Louisiana) were selected, and of how scientists and engineers using LIGO came to distinguish background noise from gravitational wave signals. To extract a very small signal from vast amount of noise, LIGO must exclude all local disturbances not present at both sites; to maximize the likelihood of being able to filter out such disturbances from the background, scientists and engineers had to choose relatively quiet sites. Once the sites were chosen, they had to identify and understand the sources and characteristics of the local disturbances (e.g., logging activity, earthquakes, and traffic) at the selected sites in order to maintain and improve the capacity to detect gravitational waves. A sociological understanding of local life became integral to the process of characterizing local disturbances and so to the larger aim of discerning gravitational wave signals from the background noise. The novel term “signal epistemology” is used by the researcher to refer to the acquiring, combining, and applying a hybrid of technical and social knowledge about vibrations within LIGO's interferometers. The results of this research will serve as a resource for future site selection by LIGO for the placement of additional large-scale interferometers and other large-scale physics experiment enterprises which must consider the land due to the sensitivity and size of their instruments, and it will serve as a case study that provides insights for other nationally funded big science projects. This research project on the early history of LIGO has three distinct components. First, it analyzes the LIGO site selection process. Second, it examines the construction of LIGO's signal epistemology, especially with respect to the question of how LIGO's environment pertains to the operation and output signals of its interferometers. Third, it studies the importance of maintaining interferometer sensitivity and a still experimental environment relative to its actual geographic location, so that LIGO scientists can extract the incredibly minute gravitational wave from the background noise. The overarching issue addressed by the project is the perennial question of how land characteristics and placement choices affect large-scale physics experiments and how considerations of land and territory became integral to the performance of experiments on such sites. Existing literature uses sociological methods to examine interpersonal relationships in the site selection process. By contrast, this research fills a critical gap in our understanding by using archival record analysis to analyze LIGO's development, placement, design evolution, experimental runs and its understanding of distinctions between gravitational wave signals and terrestrial background noise. The project will address the experience of those who occupy the land surrounding LIGO's sites, with the aim of showing how their relationships with and knowledge of the land became part of LIGO's gravitational wave experiments and interpretation of data. The points of intersection between local knowledge and the knowledge acquired by non-resident experts entailed in site selection is a novel feature of the project.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.
该奖项支持激光干涉引力波天文台(LIGO)科学史方面的博士论文研究项目。该项目有两个目标。它将提供对汉福德(华盛顿)和利文斯顿(路易斯安那州)配对地点选择过程的更好理解,以及科学家和工程师如何使用LIGO来区分背景噪声和引力波信号。为了从大量的噪声中提取出非常小的信号,LIGO必须排除所有在两个地点都不存在的局部干扰;为了最大限度地从背景中过滤掉这些干扰,科学家和工程师必须选择相对安静的地点。一旦选定地点,他们必须查明和了解当地干扰的来源和特点(例如,在选定的地点进行观测(包括测井活动、地震和交通),以保持和提高探测引力波的能力。从社会学的角度理解当地的生活,对于描述当地的扰动,以及从背景噪音中辨别引力波信号的更大目标,都是不可或缺的。研究人员使用新的术语“信号认识论”来指LIGO干涉仪内有关振动的技术和社会知识的获取,组合和应用。这项研究的结果将作为LIGO未来选址的资源,用于放置更多的大型干涉仪和其他大型物理实验企业,这些企业必须考虑土地,因为它们的仪器的灵敏度和尺寸,它将作为一个案例研究,为其他国家资助的大科学项目提供见解。这个关于LIGO早期历史的研究项目有三个不同的组成部分。首先,分析了LIGO的选址过程。其次,它考察了LIGO的信号认识论的构建,特别是关于LIGO的环境如何与其干涉仪的操作和输出信号有关的问题。第三,它研究了保持干涉仪灵敏度和相对于其实际地理位置的静态实验环境的重要性,以便LIGO科学家可以从背景噪声中提取令人难以置信的微小引力波。该项目解决的首要问题是土地特征和位置选择如何影响大规模物理实验以及土地和领土的考虑如何成为在这些地点进行实验的组成部分这一长期问题。现有的文献使用社会学的方法来研究选址过程中的人际关系。相比之下,这项研究通过使用档案记录分析来分析LIGO的发展,布局,设计演变,实验运行及其对引力波信号和地球背景噪声之间区别的理解,填补了我们理解的关键空白。该项目将讨论那些占据LIGO站点周围土地的人的经验,目的是展示他们与土地的关系和知识如何成为LIGO引力波实验和数据解释的一部分。当地知识和非驻地专家在选址中获得的知识之间的交叉点是该项目的一个新特点。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命,并被认为值得通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估来支持。

项目成果

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Peter Galison其他文献

Objectivity
客观性
Heterogene Wissenschaft: Subkulturen und Trading Zones in der modernen Physik
异质科学:现代物理学中的亚文化与贸易区
  • DOI:
  • 发表时间:
    2004
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
    0
  • 作者:
    Peter Galison
  • 通讯作者:
    Peter Galison
Trading Plans
交易计划
  • DOI:
    10.1007/978-94-007-5854-4_13
  • 发表时间:
    2013
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
    0
  • 作者:
    Peter Galison;H. Hahn
  • 通讯作者:
    H. Hahn
Removing Knowledge
删除知识
  • DOI:
    10.1086/427309
  • 发表时间:
    2004
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
    1.7
  • 作者:
    Peter Galison
  • 通讯作者:
    Peter Galison
The Ontology of the Enemy: Norbert Wiener and the Cybernetic Vision
敌人的本体论:诺伯特·维纳和控制论愿景
  • DOI:
    10.1086/448747
  • 发表时间:
    1994
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
    1.7
  • 作者:
    Peter Galison
  • 通讯作者:
    Peter Galison

Peter Galison的其他文献

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{{ truncateString('Peter Galison', 18)}}的其他基金

Standard Research Grant: Socio-Technical Aspects of Nuclear Waste and its Long Term Storage
标准研究补助金:核废料及其长期储存的社会技术方面
  • 批准号:
    1256690
  • 财政年份:
    2013
  • 资助金额:
    $ 1.23万
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
Doctoral Dissertation Research: On Negotiating the Role of Computers in Developing Mathematical Proofs
博士论文研究:论计算机在数学证明开发中的作用
  • 批准号:
    1154889
  • 财政年份:
    2012
  • 资助金额:
    $ 1.23万
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
Doctoral Dissertation Research: Stringing Life Together: Bioinformatics in the Post-Genomic Age
博士论文研究:将生命串联起来:后基因组时代的生物信息学
  • 批准号:
    0724669
  • 财政年份:
    2007
  • 资助金额:
    $ 1.23万
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
Dissertation Research: Practices of Representation
论文研究:表现实践
  • 批准号:
    0115125
  • 财政年份:
    2001
  • 资助金额:
    $ 1.23万
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
Dissertation Research: Automatic Control: Development and Transfer
论文研究:自动控制:开发与转移
  • 批准号:
    9617049
  • 财政年份:
    1997
  • 资助金额:
    $ 1.23万
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
Histories of Science/Histories of Art: Workshop to be Held in Boston November 3-5, 1995
科学史/艺术史:研讨会将于 1995 年 11 月 3-5 日在波士顿举行
  • 批准号:
    9527388
  • 财政年份:
    1995
  • 资助金额:
    $ 1.23万
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
Instruments and Arguments: Traditions of Laboratory Practice in Particle Physics
仪器和论证:粒子物理实验室实践的传统
  • 批准号:
    8911508
  • 财政年份:
    1989
  • 资助金额:
    $ 1.23万
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
Superbomb: Physicists and the Decision to Build the Hydrogen Bomb
超级炸弹:物理学家和制造氢弹的决定
  • 批准号:
    8850649
  • 财政年份:
    1988
  • 资助金额:
    $ 1.23万
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
Working Conference on the History of Big Science, August 25-28, 1988, in Palo Alto, California
大科学史工作会议,1988 年 8 月 25 日至 28 日,加利福尼亚州帕洛阿尔托
  • 批准号:
    8807868
  • 财政年份:
    1988
  • 资助金额:
    $ 1.23万
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
Presidential Young Investigator Award
总统青年研究员奖
  • 批准号:
    8553245
  • 财政年份:
    1986
  • 资助金额:
    $ 1.23万
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant

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