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Collaborative Proposal: RoL: The Scale of Resistance: Landscape to Microbiome-level Processes Regulating Acquired Resistance to Disease

合作提案：RoL：耐药性规模：调节获得性疾病抵抗力的微生物组水平过程的景观

基本信息

批准号：
1947684
负责人：
Douglas Woodhams
金额：
$ 30.89万
依托单位：
University of Massachusetts Boston
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Standard Grant
财政年份：
2020
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2020-05-01 至 2024-04-30
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1947684&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
Collaborative Proposal RoL Scale Resistance

项目摘要

Understanding how species cope with disease in an era of global change is of fundamental importance to the field of ecology and to the stability of wildlife populations. Anthropogenic deforestation is frequently associated with increases in wildlife disease. These patterns are expected to stem from both landscape-scale processes, such as changes in animal movement and disease transmission, and fine-scale processes, such as changes in the community of microbes that inhabit animal tissues (collectively termed the microbiome), but the interplay between these multi-scale processes is unresolved. This project investigates the relationship between deforestation and the microbiome to explain patterns of disease emergence across a range of disturbed environments, using amphibians of Brazil’s Atlantic Forest as a model system. Work here stands apart from previous studies by integrating landscape-scale and microbe-scale processes into a unified framework that will advance microbial, disease, and global change ecology. This project implements a diversity recruitment program for graduate students with support from the Louis Stokes Alliance for Minority Participation Program at the University of Alabama and other funding sources at the University of Massachusetts-Boston. In partnership with the Alabama Museum of Natural History, portable mini exhibits and school activities w will be manufactured and implemented to narrow the K-12 science education gap in one of the most underserved areas in the nation. It is predicted that these exhibits will reach 66,000 students annually in five county school districts in Alabama.The diverse assemblages of microbes that inhabit vertebrate hosts, collectively termed the microbiome, are vital to animal health. However, links between the host microbiome and emerging wildlife diseases are rarely considered within a landscape ecology framework. Repeated exposure to pathogens may alter community dynamics within the host microbiome and can promote competitive microbial interactions and host responses that may enrich the microbiome with anti-pathogen members. This form of acquired pathogen resistance, termed microbiome memory, may facilitate host recovery and prime the host after subsequent pathogen exposures. Anthropogenic habitat fragmentation notoriously restricts host movement at the landscape scale, which may alter rates of pathogen exposure that are critical for establishing microbiome memory prior to seasonal increases in pathogen pressure. This project will investigate interactive effects of anthropogenic habitat disturbance and host microbiome dynamics as a mechanism to explain observed increases in disease risk in fragmented landscapes, using amphibians of Brazil’s Atlantic Forest as a model system. The selection acting on amphibian skin microbiomes in a survey of three amphibian species with seasonal pathogen dynamics across a gradient of landscape fragmentation will be examined. Also, field experiments will be conducted using microbiome manipulation, host translocation, and radio telemetry to test for mechanisms linking habitat fragmentation, disease, and the host microbiome independently from other components of host immunity. This work will generate a robust dataset integrating landscape ecology with a metacommunity theory of adaptive microbiomes, with novel implications for host resistance to disease and the maintenance and stability of biological diversity.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

了解物种如何在全球变化的时代应对疾病对于生态学领域和野生动物种群的稳定至关重要。人为森林砍伐通常与野生动物疾病的增加有关。这些模式预计源于景观尺度过程（例如动物运动和疾病传播的变化）和精细尺度过程（例如栖息在动物组织中的微生物群落（统称为微生物组）的变化），但这些多尺度过程之间的相互作用尚未解决。该项目利用巴西大西洋森林的两栖动物作为模型系统，研究森林砍伐与微生物组之间的关系，以解释一系列受干扰环境中疾病的出现模式。这里的工作与之前的研究不同，它将景观尺度和微生物尺度的过程整合到一个统一的框架中，这将推动微生物、疾病和全球变化生态学的发展。该项目在阿拉巴马大学路易斯斯托克斯少数族裔参与计划联盟和马萨诸塞大学波士顿分校其他资金来源的支持下，为研究生实施了多元化招聘计划。我们将与阿拉巴马州自然历史博物馆合作，制作和实施便携式迷你展览和学校活动，以缩小美国服务最匮乏地区之一的 K-12 科学教育差距。预计这些展览每年将吸引阿拉巴马州五个县学区的 66,000 名学生。栖息在脊椎动物宿主中的微生物的多样化组合（统称为微生物组）对于动物健康至关重要。然而，在景观生态学框架内很少考虑宿主微生物组与新出现的野生动物疾病之间的联系。反复接触病原体可能会改变宿主微生物组内的群落动态，并可以促进竞争性微生物相互作用和宿主反应，从而丰富微生物组的抗病原体成员。这种获得性病原体抗性的形式，称为微生物组记忆，可以促进宿主恢复，并在随后的病原体暴露后为宿主做好准备。众所周知，人为栖息地破碎化限制了宿主在景观尺度上的移动，这可能会改变病原体暴露率，这对于在病原体压力季节性增加之前建立微生物组记忆至关重要。该项目将利用巴西大西洋森林的两栖动物作为模型系统，研究人为栖息地干扰和宿主微生物组动态的相互作用，作为解释在破碎景观中观察到的疾病风险增加的机制。在对三种具有季节性病原体动力学的两栖动物物种的调查中，对两栖动物皮肤微生物群的选择作用将在景观破碎梯度上进行检查。此外，还将使用微生物组操纵、宿主易位和无线电遥测进行现场实验，以测试独立于宿主免疫的其他组成部分将栖息地破碎、疾病和宿主微生物组联系起来的机制。这项工作将生成一个强大的数据集，将景观生态学与适应性微生物组的元群落理论相结合，对宿主对疾病的抵抗力以及生物多样性的维护和稳定性具有新颖的意义。该奖项反映了 NSF 的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。