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Influence of Peers on Beliefs About Vaccination and GM Food: Mechanisms and Interventions

同伴对疫苗和转基因食品信念的影响：机制和干预措施

基本信息

批准号：
1949432
负责人：
Mirta Galesic
金额：
$ 34.37万
依托单位：
Santa Fe Institute
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Standard Grant
财政年份：
2020
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2020-03-01 至 2023-02-28
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1949432&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
Influence Peers Beliefs About Vaccination

项目摘要

Beliefs that are not aligned with the current scientific evidence can have important consequences for national health, prosperity, and welfare. For example, insufficient rates of vaccination could place U.S. children at greater risk of vaccine-preventable diseases and preventing the adoption of genetically modified (GM) crops can hurt local economies and farmers. Why are people sometimes reluctant to adopt beliefs that are in line with scientific consensus? We investigate the social influence of peers, a factor that is known to be important for belief formation but is still insufficiently understood: For example, parents who are reluctant to vaccinate their healthy children are often clustered in the same neighborhoods, and information from social environments and cultural differences have a strong influence on the acceptance of GM food. In a longitudinal experimental study of parents and their peers, we investigate the mechanisms underlying peers’ social influence: informational cues one receives from peers, and social network cues that reinforce the need to be in sync with peers' views. For example, disagreeing with a well-connected peer can lead to disapproval by others in one's social network and loss of valuable connections; whereas disagreeing with a less prominent member might not matter as much. This project will inform the design of public education interventions that leverage the theoretical knowledge about how social networks influence people’s beliefs about science, while providing transparent information about scientific consensus and promoting people’s own agency when forming their beliefs. These interventions can be applied to a broad range of science topics of national interest.This project aims to investigate the mechanisms underlying belief change, or lack of it, after exposure to others with different beliefs. We focus on beliefs about scientific issues that affect day to day family-level decisions: childhood vaccination and GM food. We will develop a conceptual framework and use a longitudinal experimental study to investigate two questions: First, how important are different informational and social network cues for social dissonance? Integrating literatures on social dissonance and social networks, we propose that the extent of social dissonance individuals feel when encountering a peer with a different belief depends on perceived informational and social network cues. Second, what is the relative importance of social learning and belief protection strategies in reducing social dissonance, and how does the choice of strategy depend on social network cues? Building on the literatures on social learning and motivated cognition, we propose that individuals can resolve their social dissonance by either changing their beliefs in line with their peers’ beliefs (social learning) or by protecting their existing beliefs (belief protection). Using a web-based platform SciFriends (NSF-MMS #1560592), we investigate experimentally whether this framework can explain when and why people become more or less influenced by the beliefs of their peers, and of scientists. The project will serve the national interest by supporting a healthy and prosperous public and provide new insights on how social networks influence belief change.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

与当前科学证据不一致的信念可能对国家健康，繁荣和福利产生重要影响。例如，疫苗接种率不足可能会使美国儿童面临更大的疫苗可预防疾病的风险，而阻止采用转基因作物可能会损害当地经济和农民。为什么人们有时不愿意接受符合科学共识的信念？我们调查了同龄人的社会影响，这是一个已知的信念形成的重要因素，但仍然没有得到充分的理解：例如，不愿意给健康的孩子接种疫苗的父母通常聚集在同一个社区，来自社会环境和文化差异的信息对转基因食品的接受有很大的影响。在一项对父母及其同龄人的纵向实验研究中，我们研究了同龄人社会影响力的潜在机制：一个人从同龄人那里获得的信息线索，以及加强与同龄人观点同步的需要的社会网络线索。例如，不同意一个有良好关系的同龄人可能会导致社交网络中其他人的反对和失去有价值的联系;而不同意一个不那么突出的成员可能没有那么重要。该项目将为公共教育干预措施的设计提供信息，这些干预措施将利用有关社交网络如何影响人们对科学的信念的理论知识，同时提供有关科学共识的透明信息，并促进人们在形成信念时的自主性。这些干预措施可以应用于广泛的国家利益的科学课题。该项目旨在调查的机制，信念改变，或缺乏它，暴露于其他人与不同的信念。我们专注于影响家庭日常决策的科学问题的信念：儿童疫苗接种和转基因食品。我们将建立一个概念框架，并使用纵向实验研究来探讨两个问题：第一，不同的信息和社会网络线索对社会失调有多重要？整合文献中的社会失调和社交网络，我们认为，社会失调的程度时，遇到一个同伴与不同的信念取决于感知的信息和社会网络线索。第二，社会学习和信念保护策略在减少社会失调中的相对重要性是什么，策略的选择如何取决于社会网络线索？基于社会学习和动机认知的文献，我们提出个体可以通过改变他们的信念（社会学习）或保护他们现有的信念（信念保护）来解决他们的社会失调。使用基于网络的平台SciFriends（NSF-MMS #1560592），我们实验性地研究了这个框架是否可以解释人们何时以及为什么会或多或少地受到同龄人和科学家的信仰的影响。该项目将通过支持健康和繁荣的公众来服务于国家利益，并就社交网络如何影响信仰变化提供新的见解。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

项目成果

期刊论文数量（5）

专著数量（0）

科研奖励数量（0）

会议论文数量（0）

专利数量（0）

Cognitive strategies for peer judgments.

同伴判断的认知策略。

DOI：
10.1037/dec0000208
发表时间：
2023
期刊：
Decision
影响因子：
1.5
作者：
Olsson, Henrik;Barman-Adhikari, Anamika;Galesic, Mirta;Hsu, Hsun-Ta;Rice, Eric
通讯作者：
Rice, Eric

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