Doctoral Dissertation Research in Economics: Spatial Equilibrium and the Value of Public Transit

经济学博士论文研究：空间均衡与公共交通的价值

• 批准号: 1949505
• 负责人: Donald Davis
• 金额: $ 2.43万
• 依托单位: Columbia University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2020-04-01 至 2021-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1949505&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Doctoral; Dissertation; Research; Economics; Spatial

AbstractOne of the important issues in an urbanizing world is understanding how public transportation affects the growth and development of regions. Public infrastructure investments are costly and thus understanding their contribution to regional development is imperative to assess the benefits given the high costs. Since public transportation is not randomly distributed across space, it is challenging to disentangle the amenity value of neighborhoods from that of the transportation network itself. This research considers an unexpected closure of a major transit network due to a hurricane and examines how this closure affected businesses, neighborhoods and commuters by utilizing a detailed dataset. This proposal will highlight the economic forces driving the complex relationship between public transportation and neighborhood dynamics. Thus the research will inform policy makers in what ways infrastructure projects may be funded and how these decisions shape the development of neighborhoods.Finding credible evidence of the value that commuters place on proximity to public transport is of first-order importance in an urbanizing world. This proposal utilizes as an exogenous shock, the unexpected closure of a major transit line for an extended period in a large city due to a hurricane. This closure was expected to cause major disruption to hundreds of thousands of commuters and thousands of businesses in the affected neighborhoods. This project utilizes this large information shock to disentangle the spatial equilibrium of urban networks into their component parts. In order to do this, the project will construct a novel dataset of residential history, detailed housing characteristics and rental price history. The project will explore fundamental questions about the nature of cities and neighborhoods and how the individual choices of consumers when choosing housing endogenously change the urban landscape, including how much, and in what ways, policy makers should fund transportation.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

摘要在城市化进程中，公共交通对区域增长和发展的影响是一个重要问题。公共基础设施投资是昂贵的，因此了解它们对区域发展的贡献对于评估高成本的收益至关重要。由于公共交通不是随机分布在整个空间中，因此将社区的舒适价值与交通网络本身的舒适价值区分开来是一项挑战。本研究考虑了由于飓风导致的主要交通网络意外关闭，并利用详细的数据集研究了这种关闭对企业、社区和通勤者的影响。该方案将强调推动公共交通和社区动态之间复杂关系的经济力量。因此，这项研究将为政策制定者提供基础设施项目的融资方式，以及这些决定如何影响社区的发展。在一个城市化的世界里，找到可靠的证据来证明通勤者对公共交通的重视是头等重要的。该方案利用了一个外生冲击，即由于飓风导致大城市主要交通线路的长时间意外关闭。此次关闭预计将对受影响社区数十万通勤者和数千家企业造成重大干扰。这个项目利用这种巨大的信息冲击，将城市网络的空间平衡分解成它们的组成部分。为了做到这一点，该项目将构建一个新的居住历史数据集，详细的住房特征和租金价格历史。该项目将探索有关城市和社区性质的基本问题，以及消费者在选择住房时的个人选择如何内在地改变城市景观，包括政策制定者应该为交通运输提供多少资金，以及以何种方式提供资金。该奖项反映了美国国家科学基金会的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。