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The Extreme Gravity Dynamics and Gravitational Waves of Generic Compact Binary Inspirals

一般致密二元螺旋的极端重力动力学和引力波

基本信息

批准号：
1949838
负责人：
Nicolas Yunes
金额：
$ 33.96万
依托单位：
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Continuing Grant
财政年份：
2019
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2019-08-16 至 2022-08-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1949838&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
Extreme Gravity Dynamics Gravitational Waves

项目摘要

Gravitational wave astrophysics has entered a new era of discovery and exploration, with the Nobel-Prize-earning, first detections of gravitational waves by the advanced LIGO and advanced Virgo ground-based observatories. One of the key missions of LIGO and Virgo is to test Einstein's theory of General Relativity where it has never been tested before: where the gravitational force is enormous and violently changing. Gravitational waves encode invaluable information about this extreme gravity regime, especially in the waves produced when black holes and neutron stars collide. The main objective of this award is to develop ready-to-use models to extract and interpret gravitational waves emitted in eccentric and precessing collisions, so that these models can be used to study astrophysics and test General Relativity with future observations. This research will be integrated with broader impact activities aimed at changing the attitudes of K-12 students and the general public toward physics and science through activities that will be developed in the eXtreme Gravity Institute at Montana State University, a fertile training ground for the next generation of scientists. This project is aimed at (i) the development of analytic, ready-to-use models for the orbital dynamics and gravitational waves emitted in the late inspiral of generic compact binaries (black hole and neutron star binaries with arbitrary spin and eccentricity), and (ii) the use of these models to analyze and interpret current and future ground-based gravitational wave data to study astrophysics and experimental relativity implications. The gravitational wave models used currently are restricted to (at most nearly) quasi-circular inspirals with (typically) spins aligned/anti-aligned with the orbital angular momentum (or to simple-precession-like approximations). Such models are sufficient for the detection and characterization of current GW observations, but as advanced LIGO is upgraded to reach design sensitivity and third-generation detectors are constructed, more accurate models will be needed. Not only will these models prevent the biasing of parameter estimation due to mis-modeling systematics, but the additional information they encode will allow for more accurate parameter estimation and the extraction of new information from the data. This new information, such as the orbital eccentricity and the spin vector components, can inform astrophysical population models, as well as allow for new tests of General Relativity in the mostly-unexplored, extreme gravity regime. The proposed research includes the implementation of the ready-to-use models in data analysis studies to determine the astrophysics and experimental-relativity information that can be extracted from current and future gravitational wave data. This research will be integrated with broader impact activities aimed at changing the attitudes of K-12 students and the general public toward physics and science. "The Art of Physics" activity is an art competition and residency program in the Department of Physics at MSU, in which undergraduate students will be educated in cutting-edge physics and create art works that convey its concepts. The art pieces will compete at a juried exhibition, with the winning artist becoming the resident artist in physics for the next year. The "Learn to Fail" activity is an art installation in which Montana State University faculty will share their failure stories with the MSU student population and general public on camera while contrasting their biggest achievements. Through this juxtaposition between failures and successes, the installation will generate an honest dialogue about the role and meaning of failure in academia. "eXtreme Gravity for Middle School? are fully-formed, standards-aligned lesson plans for middle school teachers aimed at supporting them in learning how to deliver content on topics including gravitational lensing, neutron stars, black holes and gravitational waves to middle school students. Other activities include a black-hole themed bout for the local roller derby team, public talks given by the PI, and continued STEM mentoring for middle-school students from local schools.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

随着先进的 LIGO 和先进的 Virgo 地面天文台首次探测到引力波，引力波天体物理学已进入发现和探索的新时代，并荣获诺贝尔奖。 LIGO 和 Virgo 的关键任务之一是在引力巨大且剧烈变化的地方测试爱因斯坦的广义相对论，这一理论以前从未被测试过。引力波编码了有关这种极端重力状态的宝贵信息，特别是在黑洞和中子星碰撞时产生的波中。该奖项的主要目标是开发现成的模型来提取和解释偏心碰撞和进动碰撞中发出的引力波，以便这些模型可用于研究天体物理学并通过未来的观测来测试广义相对论。这项研究将与更广泛的影响活动相结合，旨在通过蒙大拿州立大学极限重力研究所开展的活动，改变 K-12 学生和公众对物理和科学的态度，该研究所是下一代科学家的沃土。该项目的目标是（i）开发通用致密双星（具有任意自旋和偏心率的黑洞和中子星双星）晚期吸气中发射的轨道动力学和引力波的分析型、即用型模型，以及（ii）使用这些模型来分析和解释当前和未来的地面引力波数据，以研究天体物理学和实验相对论的含义。目前使用的引力波模型仅限于（最多接近）自旋与轨道角动量对齐/反对齐的准圆形螺旋（或简单的类似进动的近似）。这些模型足以检测和表征当前的引力波观测，但随着先进的 LIGO 升级以达到设计灵敏度以及第三代探测器的建造，将需要更准确的模型。这些模型不仅可以防止由于错误建模系统而导致的参数估计偏差，而且它们编码的附加信息将允许更准确的参数估计并从数据中提取新信息。这些新信息，例如轨道偏心率和自旋矢量分量，可以为天体物理总体模型提供信息，并允许在大多数未经探索的极端重力状态下对广义相对论进行新的测试。拟议的研究包括在数据分析研究中实施现成的模型，以确定可以从当前和未来的引力波数据中提取的天体物理学和实验相对论信息。这项研究将与更广泛的影响活动相结合，旨在改变 K-12 学生和公众对物理和科学的态度。 “物理的艺术”活动是密歇根州立大学物理系的一项艺术竞赛和驻留项目，本科生将接受前沿物理教育并创作传达其概念的艺术作品。这些艺术作品将参加一个评审展览，获胜的艺术家将成为明年的物理学常驻艺术家。 “学习失败”活动是一个艺术装置，蒙大拿州立大学的教师将在镜头前与密歇根州立大学学生和公众分享他们的失败故事，同时对比他们最大的成就。通过失败与成功的并置，该装置将引发关于失败在学术界的作用和意义的诚实对话。 “中学极限引力？”是针对中学教师的完整、符合标准的课程计划，旨在支持他们学习如何向中学生讲授引力透镜、中子星、黑洞和引力波等主题的内容。其他活动包括为当地轮滑德比队举办的黑洞主题比赛、PI 的公开演讲以及为当地学校的中学生提供持续的 STEM 辅导。该奖项反映了通过使用基金会的智力价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，NSF 的法定使命被认为值得支持。