WoU-MMA: Collaborative Research: Gravitational wave cosmology with tidal Love numbers

最近LIGO探测器对引力波（GW）的探测预示着GW天体物理学的新时代。 伊利诺伊大学和芝加哥大学之间的一项研究合作将调查对GW事件属性的仔细测量，当与传统的天文观测相结合时，是否可以帮助天文学家更好地确定哈勃常数H0，这与宇宙的年龄和膨胀率有关。 这项研究将与旨在改变中学生和公众对物理和科学的态度的活动相结合，通过一个新开发的天文馆展示和附带的标准一致的中学教师教案，沿着由首席科学家的公开演讲。 这项研究旨在研究是否可以使用更复杂的模型来更好地测量哈勃常数。 今天使用的GW波形模型依赖于二进制中每个星星的潮汐勒夫数，无量纲参数测量物体对潮汐的响应。 已知这些常数通过一定的状态方程不敏感关系相互关联并与二元体的质量比相关。后者的使用允许提取的个人潮汐参数，然后可以用来提取源质量的二进制组件。另一方面，波形也依赖于二进制的红移啁啾质量，它可以作为一个独立的参数提取。因此，通过潮汐参数对单个源质量的测量和对红移啁啾质量的测量相结合，应该产生一个独立于任何电磁对应物的红移测量。该研究将研究如何通过这种技术测量红移，以及是否可以通过将这种红移测量与电磁对应物的信息相结合或通过叠加来自多个GW事件的信息来提高H0估计的准确性。 该项目的首席研究员开发了一个名为爱因斯坦引力播放列表的天文馆节目，旨在向年轻观众解释广义相对论，黑洞和引力波。这个节目将部署在中西部，从伊利诺伊州尚潘的Staerkel天文馆开始，稍后在芝加哥的Adler天文馆举行。该节目将与“中学极端重力”配对，这是一套针对中学教师的完整的标准课程计划，旨在支持他们学习如何向中学生提供有关引力透镜，中子星，黑洞和引力波等主题的内容。 该项目推进了NSF宇宙大创意窗口的目标。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

The recent detection of gravitational waves (GWs) with the LIGO detector has heralded a new era of GW astrophysics. A research collaboration between the University of Illinois and the University of Chicago will investigate whether careful measurement of the properties of GW events, when combined with traditional astronomical observations can help astronomers to better determine the Hubble constant, H0, which is related to the age and expansion rate of the universe. This research will be integrated with activities aimed at changing the attitudes of middle-school students and the general public toward physics and science, through a newly-developed planetarium show and accompanying standards-aligned lesson plans for middle school teachers, along with public talks by the lead scientists. The research is aimed at studying whether the use of more sophisticated models for the GWs emitted in the coalescence of neutron stars can be used to better measure the Hubble constant. The GW waveform models used today depend on the tidal Love numbers of each star in the binary, dimensionless parameters that measure the rigidity of a body in response to tides. It is known that these constants are related to each other and to the mass ratio of the binary through certain equation-of-state insensitive relations. The use of the latter allows for the extraction of the individual tidal parameters, which can then be used to extract the source masses of the binary components. The waveform, on the other hand, also depends on the redshifted chirp mass of the binary, which can be extracted as an independent parameter. Therefore, the combination of the measurement of the individual source masses through the tidal parameters and the measurement of the redshifted chirp mass should yield a measurement of the redshift, independently from any electromagnetic counterpart. The research will study how well the redshift can be measured through this technique, and whether the accuracy to which H0 can be estimated may be improved by combining this redshift measurement with information from an electromagnetic counterpart or through the stacking of information from multiple GW events. The principal investigator of the project has developed a planetarium show called Einstein’s Gravity Playlist, which is designed to explain general relativity, black holes, and gravitational waves to young audiences. This show will be deployed in the Midwest, starting at the Staerkel Planetarium in Champaign, Illinois, and later at the Adler Planetarium in Chicago. The show will be paired with "eXtreme Gravity for Middle School," a set of fully formed, standards-aligned lesson plans for middle school teachers aimed at supporting them in learning how to deliver content on topics including gravitational lensing, neutron stars, black holes and gravitational waves to middle school students. This project advances the goals of the NSF Windows on the Universe Big Idea.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.