Collaborative Research: Testing Models of Cooperation in a Large-scale Communal Project

合作研究：在大型公共项目中测试合作模式

• 批准号: 1951236
• 负责人: Jeffrey Winking
• 金额: $ 20.21万
• 依托单位: Texas A&M University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2020-09-01 至 2024-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1951236&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Testing; Models; Cooperation

Human cooperation is extensive, despite constant risks of freeriding by individuals who stand to benefit from cooperation without paying associated costs. This study aims to understand the factors motivating large-scale cooperation by testing evolutionary, economic, and game-theoretic explanatory models of cooperative behavior. Whereas prior research has often relied on experimental approaches to testing hypotheses, this study brings the lab to the field, leveraging the explanatory power of experiments in a real-world context. The researchers will provide a small community with the resources necessary to construct a school building. The in situ behavioral experiment will measure individual contributions to the project and analyze how such contributions associate with decisions made under laboratory conditions and with community-wide reputations for cooperating. Furthermore, a postdoctoral scholar will gain important STEM research experience.The study will test the Indirect Reciprocity Model (IRM) of cooperation, which suggests that individuals earn reputations for their prosocial acts, that these reputations are widely known, and that they are used by potential cooperators to determine how to interact, preventing freeloading by less prosocial individuals. The research extends pairwise cooperation models of IRM to ask whether the model also explains contributions to public goods in real-world settings. In order to examine the impact of reputation management on collective action outside the laboratory, investigators will provide all of the materials needed for the construction of a school and observe the process from the planning phase to its completion. During the construction, the investigators will capture individual contributions to the project using direct observation, individual reports, and estimates of energy expenditure based on heart rate measurements. The investigators will also conduct semi-structured interviews about the construction process, as well as structured dyadic exchange interviews, reputational peer rankings, and experimental economic games. These methods will allow them to ethnographically capture the process by which a community completes a large-scale cooperative project and to test whether 1) reputations for collective action accurately capture variation in contributions to the project, 2) project contributions, in turn, influence reputations, 3) whether and how reputations influence dyadic interactions in day-to-day life, and 4) how decisions in economic experiments reflect patterns in real world situations.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

尽管个人不断受益于合作而无需支付相关费用而受益于合作的个人，但人类的合作是广泛的。这项研究旨在通过测试合作行为的进化，经济和游戏理论解释模型来了解激励大规模合作的因素。尽管先前的研究通常依赖于测试假设的实验方法，但本研究将实验室带到了现场，利用了在现实世界中实验的解释力。研究人员将为一个小社区提供建造学校建筑所需的资源。原位行为实验将衡量个人对项目的贡献，并分析此类贡献如何与实验室条件下的决策以及与社区范围内的合作声誉相关联。此外，博士后学者将获得重要的STEM研究经验。该研究将测试合作的间接互惠模型（IRM），这表明个人会为自己的亲社会行为而获得声誉，这些声明是广泛认识的，并且由潜在的合作者使用，以确定如何相互作用，以确定较少的自治性相互作用。该研究扩展了IRM的成对合作模型，以询问该模型是否还解释了现实环境中对公共物品的贡献。为了检查声誉管理对实验室以外的集体行动的影响，研究人员将提供建设学校所需的所有材料，并观察从计划阶段到完成的过程。在施工期间，调查人员将使用直接观察，个体报告以及基于心率测量的能量支出估算来捕获个人对项目的贡献。调查人员还将对建筑过程以及结构化的二元交流访谈，声誉同行排名和实验经济游戏进行半结构化访谈。这些方法将使他们能够在人口统计学上捕获社区完成大规模合作项目的过程，并测试1）是否要准确捕获对项目的贡献的准确差异，2）项目贡献，影响声誉，3）声誉，3）声誉，3）声誉以及如何影响以及如何影响日至今的二聚体效果，以及4）在生活中的影响范围，以及4）在现实中的影响，现实的实验是经济实验的影响。 NSF的法定使命，并使用基金会的知识分子优点和更广泛的影响审查标准来评估值得支持。