Exploring a Dynamic Soil Information System: A Workshop

探索动态土壤信息系统：研讨会

• 批准号: 1953591
• 负责人: Roberta Schoen
• 金额: $ 3.5万
• 依托单位: National Academy of Sciences
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2020-04-01 至 2022-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1953591&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Exploring; Dynamic; Soil; Information; System

The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine will hold a 2-day workshop to bring members of the scientific community together to examine how soil resources might be dynamically and accurately monitored toward the mutually supporting goals of achieving a better understanding of causal influences on observed changes in soil and of providing accessible, useful, and actionable information to land managers, scientists, farmers, and others. Soil is an important structural, living, and dynamic substrate supporting human activities and natural processes worldwide. Current systems in place for monitoring and documenting soil conditions do not provide an accurate picture of how soil is changing over time with respect to degradation, erosion, fertility, capacity for retaining water, and other properties. Nor do our current monitoring systems capture the interactions of soil with natural (weather, climate, and fire) and anthropogenic forces, such as land management. To achieve a better understanding of those interactions and outcomes, a robust, longitudinal, multi-location dataset is needed that records chemical, physical, and biological soil attributes, and that is coupled to data on environmental and climatic conditions as well as land use activities. Conceiving of such a broad and diverse dataset requires thoughtful consideration of methods for collecting uniform data and appropriate indicators for different soil attributes and the forces that interact with soils. Also necessary is a practical consideration of the specific requirements of potential users of such a database who are likely to include scientists from many disciplines, from microbiologists to ecosystem modelers, as well as practical users, like farmers. A steering committee will be appointed by the National Academies to identify appropriate experts and stakeholders to participate in the workshop. To explore the requirements of a dynamic information system, workshop discussions will be organized around several topics, including: defining appropriate, measurable indicators of chemical, physical, and especially biological soil properties; identifying the availability of complementary datasets [including those provided by the NSF National Ecological Observatory Network (NEON)] that reflect environmental conditions and land management activities to overlay soil data; available technologies and methods to facilitate the timely and cost-effective collection of soil and environmental data; conceptual and practical considerations for database design, data storage, and data stewardship; and, tools to deliver information at different scales of resolution to meet the needs of a diversity of users, including land managers, farmers, academic, state and federal scientists, and policymakers. The workshop reflects several of the science and technology priorities identified in the 2016 Framework for a Federal Strategic Plan for Soil Science and addresses information gaps noted by the 2015 United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization's Status of the World Soils report with respect to information about changes in soil characteristics over time in North America (and particularly in the United States).This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

美国国家科学院、工程院和医学院将举办为期两天的研讨会，将科学界的成员聚集在一起，研究如何动态和准确地监测土壤资源，以实现相互支持的目标，即更好地了解土壤变化的因果影响，并为土地管理者、科学家、农民和其他人提供可获得、有用和可操作的信息。 土壤是支持人类活动和自然过程的重要结构、生命和动态基质。目前监测和记录土壤状况的系统不能准确地说明土壤在退化、侵蚀、肥力、保水能力和其他特性方面如何随时间变化。我们目前的监测系统也没有捕捉到土壤与自然（天气，气候和火灾）和人为因素（如土地管理）的相互作用。为了更好地了解这些相互作用和结果，需要一个强大的，纵向的，多地点的数据集，记录化学，物理和生物土壤属性，并与环境和气候条件以及土地利用活动的数据相结合。构想这样一个广泛而多样的数据集需要深思熟虑的方法来收集统一的数据和适当的指标，不同的土壤属性和与土壤相互作用的力量。还必须切实考虑到这种数据库潜在用户的具体要求，这些用户可能包括来自许多学科的科学家，从微生物学家到生态系统建模者，以及农民等实际用户。 国家科学院将任命一个指导委员会，以确定参加讲习班的适当专家和利益攸关方。为探讨动态信息系统的要求，将围绕几个专题组织讲习班讨论，其中包括：确定土壤化学、物理、特别是生物特性的适当、可衡量的指标;确定是否有反映环境条件和土地管理活动的补充数据集[包括国家科学基金会国家生态观测网提供的数据集]，以覆盖土壤数据;现有的技术和方法，以促进及时和具有成本效益的土壤和环境数据的收集;数据库设计，数据存储和数据管理的概念和实际考虑;以及，工具，提供不同分辨率的信息，以满足各种用户的需要，包括土地管理人员，农民，学术界，州和联邦科学家和决策者。 研讨会反映了2016年联邦土壤科学战略计划框架中确定的几个科学和技术优先事项，并解决了2015年联合国粮食及农业组织《世界土壤状况报告》中指出的关于北美土壤特性随时间变化的信息差距该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。