Assessing the Socioeconomic and Distributional Effects of Open Data Policies: Evidence from the U.S. Landsat Program

评估开放数据政策的社会经济和分配影响：来自美国陆地卫星计划的证据

• 批准号: 1953776
• 负责人: Mariel Borowitz
• 金额: $ 13.1万
• 依托单位: Georgia Tech Research Corporation
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2020-09-01 至 2023-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1953776&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Assessing; Socioeconomic; Distributional; Effects; Open

The world is transitioning to a knowledge economy in which data is a key resource. The extent to which data is made available – for scientific research, operations of government and non-profits, and development of products by the value-added sector – has global implications for economic growth and broad societal benefits. Availability of data – and policies governing the distribution of government-collected and government-generated data in particular – can affect the ability of scientists to access data to conduct research, the ability of government and non-profit entities to access data to develop applications that directly affect citizens around the world, and the health of the value-added commercial sector that uses government data to generate new commercial products. Despite the importance of this issue, there is a lack of research on the impacts of open data policies and the impacts of various types of restrictions on data access. This proposal aims to help to fill that gap through a study focused on the Landsat series of Earth observation satellites, which has generated a relatively consistent data product over its 48-year history, but has experienced a wide variety of data and pricing policies, ranging from full privatization to free and open data provision. This project involves an econometric study of the impact of changes in the cost of Landsat data over time on the distribution of Landsat data to academic, government, and commercial users. While previous studies have noted that the cost of data is a significant barrier to data access and use, this study will go further by providing quantitative insight into the magnitude of this effect on various types of users. It also includes an effort to begin collecting data to examine the feasibility of quantifying and characterizing in detail the way that Landsat data is used in the academic, government, and commercial sectors. This includes identification of relevant academic journal articles, as well as commercial, government, and nonprofit products or activities that rely on Landsat data. The results of this work will provide information that can help to improve the efficiency of data policies for government-collected data.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

世界正在向知识经济过渡，数据是其中的关键资源。提供数据的程度-用于科学研究、政府和非营利组织的运作以及增值部门的产品开发-对经济增长和广泛的社会效益具有全球影响。数据的可获得性-特别是关于政府收集和生成的数据的分发政策-可能影响科学家获取数据以开展研究的能力、政府和非营利实体获取数据以开发直接影响世界各地公民的应用程序的能力，以及利用政府数据生成新商业产品的增值商业部门的健康。尽管这一问题很重要，但缺乏对开放数据政策的影响和各种类型的限制对数据访问的影响的研究。该建议旨在通过一项以大地卫星系列地球观测卫星为重点的研究来帮助填补这一空白，大地卫星系列在其48年的历史中产生了相对一致的数据产品，但经历了从完全私有化到免费和开放数据提供等各种各样的数据和定价政策。该项目涉及对大地卫星数据成本随时间变化对向学术界、政府和商业用户分发大地卫星数据的影响进行计量经济学研究。虽然以前的研究已经指出，数据的成本是数据访问和使用的一个重大障碍，这项研究将进一步提供定量的洞察力，对各种类型的用户的影响的大小。它还包括努力开始收集数据，以审查量化和详细描述Landsat数据在学术、政府和商业部门使用方式的可行性。这包括识别相关的学术期刊文章，以及依赖Landsat数据的商业、政府和非营利产品或活动。 这项工作的结果将提供有助于提高政府收集数据的数据政策效率的信息。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。