Critical commentary on the books of Ezra/Nehemia for the commentary series "Herders theologischer Kommentar zum Alten Testament"Antrag auf Gewährung einer Sachbeihilfe (Modul Vertretung)

《圣经》评注是一种非常重要的训诂出版体裁。它们远远超出了训诂科学共同体的边界，在邻近的学科中也得到了承认。注释揭示了对圣经书的解释，以及从文学、历史和宗教历史的角度对圣经书的研究现状。因此，它们具有非常广泛的学术影响。我将利用计划的研究时间，对以斯拉记和尼希米记写一篇独特的评论。它将发表在《牧人神学评论》系列丛书中。在德语背景下，目前缺乏对以斯拉/尼希米的批评评论。必须考虑到最近研究的新方法，历史和主题结果，并重新定义这些书的神学。较老的德国注释认为《以斯拉记》/《尼希米记》是一部历史著作的一部分，由编年史家写的《历代志》和《以斯拉记》/《尼希米记》组成。较早的研究也将以斯拉/尼希米记视为重建后流放时期的主要来源。因此，评注对这些书的历史解释和它们的文学来源特别感兴趣。预期的注释将集中在这些书的神学上。必须克服对历史问题的片面关注。根据共时性的方法，即历时性的反映，不同的神学问题不仅应该由不同的时间起源和不同的注释层来解释，而是作为可能包括时态的神学的组成部分。因此，解释将以书的结构为指导。《以斯拉记》/《尼希米记》以史学的形式呈现，描述了后流放时期以色列身份的形成方面和维度。自我概念的建构可以看作是书籍的核心。为此，将在评注中进行必要的基本解释学反思。这意味着有必要描述属于社区、包容和排斥的相关标准，以及社区的内部形态和结构。上述注释系列包括来自犹太-基督教对话的知识：它承认并反映了旧约作为以色列的圣经以及基督教圣经的一部分继续存在。到目前为止，这是研究旧约的一个特殊视角。因此，注释必须处理基督教背景下对《以斯拉记》/《尼希米记》的反犹太解读：对神学作为宗教的律法主义形式的负面评价；将后流放群体污名化为纯粹的宗教、神权建立的社区和/或特殊教派、民族宗教运动。

Critical commentaries on biblical books are a very important genre of exegetical publication. Far beyond the borders of the exegetical scientific community, they are also acknowledged in neighboring disciplines. Commentaries reveal the interpretation of a biblical book as well as the current state of research with regards to this biblical book from a literary, historical and religio-historical perspective. They therefore have a very broad scholarly impact. I am going to use the planned research time to write a distinctive commentary on the books of Ezra and Nehemiah. It will be published in the commentary series Herders theologischer Kommentar zum Alten Testament. There is a lack of current critical commentaries on Ezra/Nehemiah in the German speaking context. The new methodological, historical and thematic results of the recent research have to be considered and the theology of these books redefined.The older German commentaries considered Ezra/Nehemiah as a part of one historical work consisting of Chronicles and Ezra/Nehemiah written by the Chronicler. The older research also regarded Ezra/Nehemiah as a primary source for reconstructing the post-exilic period. The commentaries therefore were especially interested in a historical interpretation of the books and in their literary sources.The intended commentary is going to focus on the theology of the books. The one-sided focus on historical issues must be overcome. In accordance to the synchronical approach, that is diachronically reflected, different theological issues should not only be explained by different chronological origins and different redactional layers but instead as constituents of a theology that possibly includes tenses. Thus, the interpretation will be guided by the structure of the books.Ezra/Nehemiah present themselves as historiography and describe formative aspects and dimensions of Israel´s identity in the post-exilic period. To Construct the self-conception can be regarded as the core of the books. For this purpose, the necessary basic hermeneutical reflections will be made in the commentary. This means that there is a need for a description of the relevant criteria for belonging to the community, for inclusion and exclusion, and the internal shape and structure of the community. The above-mentioned commentary series includes knowledge from the Jewish-Christian dialogue: It recognizes and reflects that the Old Testament has been continued as Scripture of Israel as well as part of the Christian Bible. Until now, this is an exceptional perspective in the study of the Old Testament. As a consequence, the commentary has to deal with the anti-Jewish interpretations of Ezra/Nehemiah in the Christian context: Negative assessment of the theology as legalistic form of religion; stigmatization of the post-exilic group as a purely religious, theocratic founded community and/or as a particularistic-sectarian, national-religious movement.