Collaborative Research: Understanding Compact Binary Formation with the First Gravitational Wave Detections

合作研究：通过首次引力波探测了解致密双星形成

• 批准号: 2006538
• 负责人: Emanuele Berti
• 金额: $ 40.83万
• 依托单位: Johns Hopkins University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2020-09-01 至 2023-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2006538&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Understanding; Compact; Binary

The formation and evolution of binaries of compact astrophysical objects (black holes and neutron stars) is an important and challenging problem in astrophysics. Observational data of such systems comes from radio telescope detections of binaries with at least one pulsating neutron star, or pulsar, and from gravitational-wave observations of the final few seconds to minutes of the lives of the binary, when they inspiral and merge. A research collaboration between Johns Hopkins University and Pennsylvania State University will use gravitational-wave observations to explore astrophysical models of compact binaries, using statistical inference and machine learning. Among the specific scientific topics to be addressed are the details of how compact binaries form, the use of compact binary mergers to measure distances to sources far off in the universe, and understanding the state of matter in the dense cores of neutron stars. The phenomenal discoveries by the gravitational-wave detectors have received a great deal of attention from the press and in social media. Black holes, neutron stars and gravitational waves are topics of great interest to the public, and have the potential to attract students in middle and high schools to STEM subjects who would have otherwise chosen other alternatives. The researchers will use the current surge of interest in these areas to inform middle and high students of the excitement of research and discovery in the forefront of physics. The proposed research will shed light on evolutionary models of compact binaries using a catalog of binary merger events observed by the LIGO and Virgo gravitational-wave detectors. More specifically, the goal of the project is to discriminate between competing evolutionary models of compact binaries (dynamical interactions in clusters, evolution of isolated binaries, and primordial origin of binary black holes) from the measured distributions of masses, spins and other properties of compact object mergers. This study will help produce a map from the astrophysical models to the bulk properties of the systems measured from gravitational wave observations. Such maps, in combination with Bayesian inference and machine learning, will be used to gain a deeper understanding of the astrophysics of compact object binaries. The investigators will use compact binaries as accurate measures of distance to obtain peculiar velocities of galaxies and clusters, 3-d mapping of galaxies, and to characterize the gas, stellar and dark matter content of galaxies, comparing the results with other approaches. Gravitational wave observations are key to multi-messenger astronomy, which will help address the origin questions, such as how and when black holes formed and how they evolved, what constitutes the expansion history of the Universe, and what is the state of matter in dense cores of neutron stars. This project advances the goals of the NSF Windows on the Universe Big Idea.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

致密天体物理物体（黑洞和中子星）双星的形成和演化是天体物理学中一个重要且具有挑战性的问题。此类系统的观测数据来自射电望远镜对至少一颗脉动中子星或脉冲星的双星的探测，以及对双星生命最后几秒到几分钟的引力波观测（当它们吸气和合并时）。 约翰霍普金斯大学和宾夕法尼亚州立大学之间的研究合作将利用引力波观测，利用统计推断和机器学习来探索致密双星的天体物理模型。 待解决的具体科学主题包括致密双星如何形成的细节、使用致密双星合并来测量到宇宙中遥远来源的距离，以及了解中子星致密核心中的物质状态。 引力波探测器的惊人发现受到了媒体和社交媒体的广泛关注。黑洞、中子星和引力波是公众非常感兴趣的话题，有可能吸引初中和高中学生学习 STEM 科目，否则他们会选择其他选择。 研究人员将利用当前人们对这些领域的兴趣高涨，让中学生和高中生了解物理学前沿研究和发现的兴奋点。拟议的研究将利用 LIGO 和 Virgo 引力波探测器观测到的双星合并事件目录来阐明致密双星的演化模型。更具体地说，该项目的目标是从测量的致密天体合并的质量、自旋和其他属性的分布中区分致密双星的竞争演化模型（星团中的动态相互作用、孤立双星的演化和双黑洞的原始起源）。这项研究将有助于绘制从天体物理模型到引力波观测测量到的系统整体特性的地图。这些地图与贝叶斯推理和机器学习相结合，将用于更深入地了解致密天体双星的天体物理学。研究人员将使用致密双星作为距离的精确测量，以获得星系和星团的特有速度、星系的3D映射，并表征星系的气体、恒星和暗物质含量，并将结果与​​其他方法进行比较。引力波观测是多信使天文学的关键，这将有助于解决起源问题，例如黑洞如何、何时形成以及它们如何演化，宇宙膨胀历史的构成是什么，以及中子星致密核心中的物质状态如何。该项目推进了 NSF 宇宙之窗大创意的目标。该奖项反映了 NSF 的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

项目成果

Instability in Black Hole Vibrational Spectra

黑洞振动光谱的不稳定性

• DOI: 10.1103/physics.14.91
• 发表时间: 2021
• 期刊: Physics
• 影响因子: 1.6
• 作者: Berti, Emanuele

Lessons for adaptive mesh refinement in numerical relativity

数值相对论中自适应网格细化的经验教训

• DOI: 10.1088/1361-6382/ac6fa9
• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: Classical and Quantum Gravity
• 影响因子: 3.5
• 作者: Radia M

Quadrupole instability of static scalarized black holes

• DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.107.l081501
• 发表时间: 2023-03
• 期刊: Physical Review D
• 影响因子: 5
• 作者: B. Kleihaus;J. Kunz;Tim Utermöhlen;E. Berti

Looking for the parents of LIGO’s black holes

• DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.104.084002
• 发表时间: 2021-05
• 期刊: Physical Review D
• 影响因子: 5
• 作者: V. Baibhav;E. Berti;D. Gerosa;M. Mould;Ka-wah Wong

How to assess the primordial origin of single gravitational-wave events with mass, spin, eccentricity, and deformability measurements

• DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.105.063510
• 发表时间: 2021-12
• 期刊: Physical Review D
• 影响因子: 5
• 作者: G. Franciolini;R. Cotesta;N. Loutrel;E. Berti;P. Pani;A. Riotto