NSF Postdoctoral Fellowship in Biology FY 2020

2020 财年 NSF 生物学博士后奖学金

• 批准号: 2010290
• 负责人: Daniel Friedman
• 金额: $ 13.8万
• 依托单位: Friedman, Daniel A
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Fellowship Award
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2020-10-01 至 2023-09-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2010290&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: NSF; Postdoctoral; Fellowship; Biology; FY

This action funds an NSF Postdoctoral Research Fellowship in Biology for FY 2020, Integrative Research Investigating the Rules of Life Governing Interactions Between Genomes, Environment and Phenotypes. The fellowship supports research and training of the Fellow that will contribute to the area of Rules of Life in innovative ways. This research investigates the ecology and evolution of the Hymenoptera, the order of insects containing species such as ants, bees, wasps, and sawflies. The work contributes to our scientific understanding of how genetics, epigenetics, behavior, and ecology are related over developmental and ecological time scales, in the context of a well-studied and biodiverse clade of insects. This project addresses fundamental questions in biology including: How did colony living (eusociality) arise in ants and bees from their solitary ancestors? How do colony traits originate and become elaborate? How are the hormonal and neurobiological underpinnings of colony traits linked to genetic and ecological variation among species? How might these insights from eusocial colony evolution help humans design resilient distributed systems, for example to respond to disasters, manage socially-spread pathogens, and improve the security of cyberphysical systems? The Fellow will also actively engage in science communication, mentoring, and outreach programs, with a special emphasis on local underserved communities, team-based remote education, and transdisciplinary approaches such as Complexity Science.Eusocial (colony-living) insect species display variation within populations and among species in ecologically-important colony traits such as behavior (e.g. collective foraging, search, offense/defense) and reproductive strategies. Tissue-specific gene expression patterns can influence colony traits such as collective behavior in a non-linear fashion through altering colony-level physiological processes. Previous approaches to studying the evolution of eusocial insect colony traits have been of limited phylogenetic scope, have not considered the role of tissue-specific gene expression in colony-level physiological processes, or only considered genes with single-copy orthologs present in all species considered. This project will integrate multiple biological techniques (phylogenomics, transcriptomics, chemical profiling, ecological niche modeling) to investigate the evolutionary and functional roles of lineage-specific genes, complex gene families, and tissue-specific expression patterns in Hymenoptera. More broadly, the theoretical models and bioinformatic pipelines developed in this research will generalize far beyond the Hymenoptera, and provide avenues for integrative synthesis across taxa. The Fellow will be co-trained by Prof. Brian Johnson (University of California, Davis) and Prof. Tim Linksvayer (University of Pennsylvania), and will work to increase participation, inclusion, reproducibility, and transparency in science.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

这项行动资助了2020财年的NSF生物学博士后研究奖学金，综合研究调查了基因组，环境和表型之间的生命相互作用的规则。该研究金支持研究员的研究和培训，以创新的方式为生活规则领域做出贡献。本研究调查了Hyquitera的生态和进化，Hyquitera是昆虫的目的，包括蚂蚁，蜜蜂，黄蜂和叶蜂等物种。这项工作有助于我们科学地理解遗传学，表观遗传学，行为和生态学在发育和生态时间尺度上是如何相关的，在昆虫的一个经过充分研究和生物多样性的进化枝的背景下。这个项目解决了生物学中的基本问题，包括：蚂蚁和蜜蜂是如何从它们孤独的祖先中产生群体生活（真社会性）的？群体特征是如何产生并变得复杂的？种群特征的激素和神经生物学基础与物种间的遗传和生态变异有何联系？这些来自真社会群体进化的见解如何帮助人类设计有弹性的分布式系统，例如应对灾难，管理社会传播的病原体，以及提高网络物理系统的安全性？该研究员还将积极参与科学传播，指导和推广计划，特别强调当地服务不足的社区，以团队为基础的远程教育和跨学科方法，如复杂性科学。（群体生活）昆虫物种在种群内和物种间表现出生态上重要的群体特征，如行为，（例如集体觅食、搜索、进攻/防御）和生殖策略。组织特异性基因表达模式可以通过改变群体水平的生理过程以非线性方式影响群体性状，如集体行为。以前的方法来研究真社会性昆虫群体性状的进化一直是有限的系统发育范围内，没有考虑组织特异性基因表达在殖民地水平的生理过程中的作用，或只考虑基因与单拷贝直系同源物存在于所有物种考虑。该项目将整合多种生物学技术（基因组学，转录组学，化学分析，生态位建模），以研究谱系特异性基因，复杂基因家族和组织特异性表达模式的进化和功能作用。更广泛地说，在这项研究中开发的理论模型和生物信息学管道将推广远远超出Hypletera，并提供跨分类群的综合合成途径。该研究员将由Brian约翰逊教授（加州大学戴维斯分校）和Tim Linksvayer教授（宾夕法尼亚大学）共同培训，并将致力于提高科学的参与性、包容性、可重复性和透明度。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。