HAYSTAC Phase II: Quantum Detection Technology Enhanced Axion Dark Matter Search

HAYSTAC 第二阶段：量子探测技术增强 Axion 暗物质搜索

• 批准号: 2011357
• 负责人: Steven Lamoreaux
• 金额: $ 99.13万
• 依托单位: Yale University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2020-08-01 至 2024-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2011357&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: HAYSTAC; Phase; II; Quantum; Detection

Astrophysical observations and cosmological data point convincingly to a large component of Cold Dark Matter in the Universe. Weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs) and axions have been proposed as theoretically favored candidates for dark matter. Despite the strong evidence for the existence of dark matter, neither WIMPs nor axions have been conclusively detected. Dark matter axions may be detected through their conversion into a narrow band Radio Frequency (RF) signal in a microwave-cavity resonator permeated by a magnetic field. Under NSF funding, a Yale-UC Berkeley-University of Colorado Boulder collaboration came together in 2011 to design, build and operate an advanced technology experiment, HAYSTAC, to serve both as an innovation test-bed to develop new cavity designs and quantum-limited photon detection schemes, and as a pathfinder to take first data in the 10 to 50 micro-eV mass range, well above all previous such searches. This award will provide funding to continue this axion search. The collaboration-wide efforts of HAYSTAC are leading to many technical innovations. R&D on superconducting thin-films and sub-quantum-limited photon detection will produce unanticipated spin-offs. The experimental techniques being developed, in particular magnetic shielding and data analysis, will be useful to other experiments that use similar quantum sensing techniques. The group will continue their successful recruiting and training of new talent inclusively. HAYSTAC has been very successful in attracting many bright young people to the field. The PIs are active in giving popular public lectures and participating in educational outreach. Wright Laboratory has begun negotiations with the Peabody Natural History Museum at Yale to prepare an exhibit highlighting the history and research of the Laboratory itself, featuring dark matter studies.HAYSTAC is the first dark matter search to successfully incorporate a squeezed-vacuum-state quantum limited receiver, and along with LIGO, is among the first fundamental physics experiments to use squeezed-state receivers for data production. The actual system noise temperature is twice the standard quantum limit (SQL), with the additional quantum of noise from transmission losses. During Phase I, HAYSTAC established an exclusion limit of 2.3 times the KSVZ coupling at 23.15 to 24.0 micro-eV. HAYSTAC is nearing its goal of increasing the mass scan rate by at least a factor of 2 compared to Phase I, with sensitivity at the level of about twice the KSVZ axion coupling. Additional innovative improvements are planned, including a new symmetrized-tuner design cavity and an improved squeezed state receiver that eliminates losses from circulators and other elements in the present receiver design. A long run will then commence to cover the axion mass range predicted by Klaer and Moore, based on the first and only calculation of axion production incorporating in a self-consistent way both the vacuum realignment and string radiation mechanisms.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

天体物理观测和宇宙学数据令人信服地指出，宇宙中有很大一部分是冷暗物质。弱相互作用大质量粒子（WIMP）和轴子被认为是理论上最受欢迎的暗物质候选者。尽管有强有力的证据证明暗物质的存在，但无论是WIMP还是轴子都没有被最终发现。暗物质轴子可以通过在被磁场渗透的微波腔谐振器中将其转换为窄带射频（RF）信号来检测。在美国国家科学基金会的资助下，耶鲁大学伯克利分校-科罗拉多大学博尔德分校于2011年合作设计，建造和运营一个先进的技术实验，HAYSTAC，作为一个创新试验台，开发新的腔设计和量子限制光子探测方案，并作为一个探路者，在10至50微电子伏特的质量范围内获取第一批数据，远远超过以前所有的此类搜索。该奖项将提供资金继续这项轴子搜索。HAYSTAC的广泛合作努力带来了许多技术创新。超导薄膜和亚量子限制光子探测的研发将产生意想不到的副产品。正在开发的实验技术，特别是磁屏蔽和数据分析，将有助于其他使用类似量子传感技术的实验。本集团将继续成功招聘及培训新人才。HAYSTAC非常成功地吸引了许多聪明的年轻人进入这个领域。私人侦探积极举办受欢迎的公开讲座，并参与教育推广活动。赖特实验室已经开始与耶鲁大学皮博迪自然历史博物馆谈判，准备一个突出该实验室本身的历史和研究的展览，以暗物质研究为特色。HAYSTAC是第一个成功结合压缩真空态量子限制接收器的暗物质搜索，沿着LIGO，是第一个使用压缩态接收器进行数据产生的基础物理实验之一。实际的系统噪声温度是标准量子限制（SQL）的两倍，还有来自传输损耗的额外噪声量子。在第一阶段，HAYSTAC建立了一个排除限制的2.3倍的KSVZ耦合在23.15至24.0微电子伏特。 HAYSTAC正在接近其目标，即与第一阶段相比，将质量扫描速率提高至少2倍，灵敏度约为KSVZ轴子耦合的两倍。计划进行其他创新性改进，包括新的对称调谐器设计腔和改进的压缩态接收器，该接收器消除了当前接收器设计中循环器和其他元件的损耗。一个长期的运行将开始覆盖轴子质量范围预测的Klaer和摩尔，基于第一个也是唯一的计算轴子生产纳入在一个自洽的方式都真空重新排列和字符串辐射mechanism.This奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并已被认为是值得的支持，通过评估使用基金会的智力价值和更广泛的影响审查标准。

项目成果

On the use of dielectric elements in axion searches with microwave resonant cavities

• DOI: 10.1088/1748-0221/18/07/p07017
• 发表时间: 2023-04
• 期刊: Journal of Instrumentation
• 影响因子: 1.3
• 作者: Xiran Bai;M. Jewell;S. Lamoreaux;Reina H. Maruyama;K. Bibber

A quantum enhanced search for dark matter axions

• DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-03226-7
• 发表时间: 2021-02-11
• 期刊: NATURE
• 影响因子: 64.8
• 作者: Backes, K. M.;Palken, D. A.;Wang, H.
• 通讯作者: Wang, H.

An improved synthetic signal injection routine for the Haloscope At Yale Sensitive To Axion Cold dark matter (HAYSTAC)

耶鲁大学 Halograph 对 Axion 冷暗物质敏感 (HAYSTAC) 的改进合成信号注入例程

• DOI: 10.1063/5.0137870
• 发表时间: 2023
• 期刊: Review of Scientific Instruments
• 影响因子: 1.6
• 作者: Zhu, Yuqi;Jewell, M. J.;Laffan, Claire;Bai, Xiran;Ghosh, Sumita;Graham, Eleanor;Cahn, S. B.;Maruyama, Reina H.;Lamoreaux, S. K.
• 通讯作者: Lamoreaux, S. K.

New results from HAYSTAC’s phase II operation with a squeezed state receiver

• DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.107.072007
• 发表时间: 2023-01
• 期刊: Physical Review D
• 影响因子: 5
• 作者: H. C. M. J. Jewell;A. Leder;K. Backes;Xiran Bai;K. Bibber;B. Brubaker;S. Cahn;A. Droster;Maryam H. Esmat;Sumita Ghosh;Eleanor Graham;G. Hilton;H. Jackson;C. Laffan;S. Lamoreaux;K. Lehnert;S. Lewis;M. Malnou;R. Maruyama;D. Palken;N. Rapidis;E. Ruddy;M. Simanovskaia;Sukhman Singh;D. Speller;L. Vale;H. Wang;Y. Zhu

Searching for Dark Photons with Existing Haloscope Data

• DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.104.092016
• 发表时间: 2021-04
• 作者: Sumit Ghosh;Liz Ruddy;M. Jewell;A. Leder;R. Maruyama