Cavity-based atom interferometry for testing gravity and dark-sector physic

用于测试重力和暗区物理的基于腔的原子干涉测量

• 批准号: 1708160
• 负责人: Holger Mueller
• 金额: $ 51万
• 依托单位: University of California-Berkeley
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2017-08-01 至 2023-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1708160&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Cavity; based; atom; interferometry; testing

This project will pioneer new measurements of the gravitational interaction between atoms and a 100-gram mass. To make sensitive measurements, this project will use an atom interferometer to study how gravity affects the quantum phase of atoms. New tests of gravitational physics are crucial for studying the nature of Dark Energy and Dark Matter, and thus understanding the history and fate of the universe. Precise measurements of gravity can also improve military and commercial navigation, and help study underground resources such as mineral ore deposits and groundwater aquifers. This project will train students to develop advanced atom interferometry technology that will have many applications in atomic and molecular physics, navigation, and fundamental studies of gravity.The fact that gravity is so weak relative to the other fundamental forces of nature has made it relatively elusive. For example, gravitational interactions between two individual atoms cannot yet be measured. This is a major obstacle for gaining a better understanding of hypothetical new forces that could arise from cosmological dark energy (which is thought to drive the accelerated expansion of the universe) and the effects of gravity in the microscopic world, where the laws of quantum mechanics apply. This research team has built the first instrument (an atom interferometer) able to measure the gravitational force between individual atoms and a miniature (1-inch diameter) source mass. For this project they will apply this unique instrument to perform several new experiments. First, they will use it to look for evidence for small corrections to the gravitational force that might arise as a consequence of cosmological Dark Energy. This will close the gap that exists in the parameter space between results from microscopic experiments (colliders, atomic structure, and atom and neutron interferometers) and macroscopic ones (torsion balances and solar system physics). Second, they will improve the instrument by extending the coherence time of the atoms to 10 seconds, which would be the longest demonstrated in any matter-wave interferometer. The instrument will then be used to demonstrate the gravitational Aharonov-Bohm effect, an effect of gravity on the quantum state of a particle, which can only be observed with a quantum sensor such as an atom interferometer.

该项目将开创原子与100克质量之间引力相互作用的新测量方法。为了进行灵敏的测量，该项目将使用原子干涉仪来研究重力如何影响原子的量子相位。 引力物理学的新测试对于研究暗能量和暗物质的性质至关重要，从而了解宇宙的历史和命运。重力的精确测量还可以改善军事和商业导航，并有助于研究地下资源，如矿藏和地下水含水层。 本计画将培养学生发展先进的原子干涉测量技术，应用于原子与分子物理、导航、重力的基础研究等。重力相对于其他自然界的基本力来说是如此的微弱，这使得它相对来说是难以捉摸的。 例如，两个原子之间的引力相互作用还不能测量。这是更好地理解宇宙学暗能量（被认为是驱动宇宙加速膨胀的动力）可能产生的假设性新力量以及量子力学定律适用的微观世界中引力效应的主要障碍。这个研究小组已经建造了第一台仪器（原子干涉仪），能够测量单个原子和微型（直径1英寸）源质量之间的引力。 在这个项目中，他们将使用这种独特的仪器来进行几个新的实验。首先，他们将用它来寻找宇宙暗能量可能引起的引力小修正的证据。这将缩小微观实验（对撞机、原子结构、原子和中子干涉仪）和宏观实验（扭力天平和太阳系物理学）结果之间存在的参数空间的差距。其次，他们将通过将原子的相干时间延长到10秒来改进仪器，这将是任何物质波干涉仪中最长的。然后，该仪器将用于演示引力Aharonov-Bohm效应，这是一种引力对粒子量子态的影响，只能用原子干涉仪等量子传感器来观察。

项目成果

Probing gravity by holding atoms for 20 seconds

• DOI: 10.1126/science.aay6428
• 发表时间: 2019-07
• 期刊: Science
• 影响因子: 56.9
• 作者: V. Xu;Matt Jaffe;C. Panda;Sofus L. Kristensen;Logan W. Clark;H. Müller

Efficient Adiabatic Spin-Dependent Kicks in an Atom Interferometer

• DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.121.040402
• 发表时间: 2018-07-24
• 期刊: PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
• 影响因子: 8.6
• 作者: Jaffe, Matt;Xu, Victoria;Hamilton, Paul
• 通讯作者: Hamilton, Paul

Attractive force on atoms due to blackbody radiation

• DOI: 10.1038/s41567-017-0004-9
• 发表时间: 2018-03-01
• 期刊: NATURE PHYSICS
• 影响因子: 19.6
• 作者: Haslinger, Philipp;Jaffe, Matt;Mueller, Holger
• 通讯作者: Mueller, Holger

Atomic gravimeter robust to environmental effects

• DOI: 10.1063/5.0163101
• 发表时间: 2023-08-07
• 期刊: APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS
• 影响因子: 4
• 作者: Panda，Cristian D. D.;Tao，Matt;Muller，Holger
• 通讯作者: Muller，Holger

Raman transitions driven by phase-modulated light in a cavity atom interferometer

腔原子干涉仪中相位调制光驱动的拉曼跃迁

• DOI: 10.1103/physreva.103.023715
• 发表时间: 2021
• 期刊: Physical Review A
• 影响因子: 2.9
• 作者: Kristensen, Sofus L.;Jaffe, Matt;Xu, Victoria;Panda, Cristian D.;Müller, Holger
• 通讯作者: Müller, Holger