Collaborative Research: Network Cluster: Bedrock controls on the deep critical zone, landscapes, and ecosystems

合作研究：网络集群：对深层关键区域、景观和生态系统的基岩控制

• 批准号: 2012408
• 负责人: Kamini Singha
• 金额: $ 44.96万
• 依托单位: Colorado School of Mines
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2020-09-01 至 2025-08-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2012408&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Network; Cluster; Bedrock

The Critical Zone comprises the terrestrial environment from the tree canopy through the soil horizon and down to the base of weathered bedrock. This Critical Zone provides crucial services to humans and ecosystems, including the storage and filtering of groundwater, maintenance of streamflow, and long-term regulation of Earth’s climate. This project, part of the Critical Zone Collaborative Network, will establish the Bedrock Critical Zone Network that spans a wide range of climatic conditions across the continental US, ranging from a subtropical site in the South Carolina Piedmont to warm and dry sites in southern California. The principal goal is to improve knowledge of how subsurface processes in the deep Critical Zone influence water storage potential. In addition, the project will explore how water storage affects ecosystem resilience to disturbances such as prolonged drought. The research will involve direct sampling of subsurface materials via drilling and borehole logging together with non-invasive, indirect imaging techniques. The project will engage teachers, students, and the broader public in information sessions that emphasize the crucial importance of the Critical Zone, including development of a set of interactive 3D visualizations for use by educators.The Critical Zone extends from treetop to bedrock and thus includes both the substrate for life and the organisms that live at Earth’s land surface. In hilly and mountainous landscapes, where erosion at the surface exhumes underlying bedrock, the deepest reaches of the Critical Zone are where bedrock begins the weathering process, where fluids and gases first penetrate and react, where biota begin to colonize and interact with minerals, and where pore space begins to open. This project establishes the Bedrock Critical Zone Network to provide the scientific community with new knowledge of the deep Critical Zone and its feedbacks with surface processes and ecosystems. Observations and modeling at seven sites spanning a wide range of climatic and bedrock conditions in the continental US will test the hypothesis that Critical Zone structure, evolution, and processes are strongly influenced by bedrock conditions at the base of the Critical Zone. Mineralogy, ambient stress, and inherited fractures are influential factors, and these, in turn, are influenced by surface processes like erosion, subsurface flow, and ecosystem productivity. The project will address questions about fundamental deep Critical Zone properties and processes, including: controls on regolith thickness and its variation across landscapes; the relative importance and spatial variability of physical and chemical weathering; how subsurface weathering influences landscape evolution; and how deep Critical Zone water storage affects ecosystem resilience.The project will engage teachers, students, and the broader public on the crucial importance of the Critical Zone ; train scientists at diverse career stages on how to communicate; and promote diversity, inclusion, and equity in Critical-Zone science through targeted programs. The project will undertake an outreach and engagement program that includes a new set of interactive 3D visualizations, called the "Virtual Critical Zone," based on extensive imaging and measurements of roadcuts and quarries. This project will also include hands-on programs for high school teachers and students. All activities will support diversity and inclusion in Critical-Zone science through intentional recruiting and outreach. This project is jointly funded by the Critical Zone Collaborative Network, the Geomorphology and Land-use Dynamics programs in the Division of Earth Sciences, as well as the Education Program in the Geosciences Directorate.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

关键区域包括从树冠到土壤层一直到风化基岩底部的陆地环境。这个关键区域为人类和生态系统提供重要的服务，包括地下水的储存和过滤、水流的维持以及地球气候的长期调节。该项目是关键区域合作网络的一部分，将建立基岩关键区域网络，涵盖美国大陆的各种气候条件，从南卡罗来纳州皮埃蒙特的亚热带地区到南加州温暖干燥的地区。主要目标是提高对深部关键区地下过程如何影响储水潜力的了解。此外，该项目还将探讨水储存如何影响生态系统对长期干旱等干扰的恢复能力。该研究将涉及通过钻孔和钻孔测井以及非侵入性间接成像技术对地下材料进行直接采样。该项目将让教师、学生和广大公众参与信息会议，强调关键区域的至关重要性，包括开发一套供教育工作者使用的交互式 3D 可视化。关键区域从树顶延伸到基岩，因此包括生命的基质和生活在地球陆地表面的生物体。在丘陵和山地景观中，地表侵蚀暴露了下面的基岩，临界区的最深处是基岩开始风化过程的地方，液体和气体首先渗透并发生反应的地方，生物群开始定居并与矿物质相互作用的地方，以及孔隙空间开始打开的地方。该项目建立了基岩关键区网络，为科学界提供深部关键区的新知识及其对地表过程和生态系统的反馈。在美国大陆跨越各种气候和基岩条件的七个地点进行的观测和建模将检验以下假设：关键带的结构、演化和过程受到关键带底部基岩条件的强烈影响。 矿物学、环境应力和继承性裂缝是影响因素，而这些因素又受到侵蚀、地下水流和生态系统生产力等地表过程的影响。该项目将解决有关深部关键区基本属性和过程的问题，包括：对风化层厚度及其跨景观变化的控制；物理和化学风化的相对重要性和空间变异性；地下风化如何影响景观演变；以及关键区蓄水深度如何影响生态系统的恢复力。该项目将让教师、学生和广大公众认识到关键区的至关重要性；培训不同职业阶段的科学家如何沟通；通过有针对性的计划促进关键区域科学的多样性、包容性和公平性。该项目将开展一项外展和参与计划，其中包括一套新的交互式 3D 可视化，称为“虚拟关键区域”，基于路堑和采石场的广泛成像和测量。该项目还将包括针对高中教师和学生的实践项目。所有活动都将通过有意招募和推广来支持关键区域科学的多样性和包容性。 该项目由关键区域协作网络、地球科学部的地貌学和土地利用动力学项目以及地球科学理事会的教育项目共同资助。该奖项反映了 NSF 的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

项目成果

The geophysical toolbox applied to forest ecosystems – A review

适用于森林生态系统的地球物理工具箱 — 综述

• DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165503
• 发表时间: 2023
• 期刊: Science of The Total Environment
• 影响因子: 9.8
• 作者: Loiseau, Bertille;Carrière, Simon D.;Jougnot, Damien;Singha, Kamini;Mary, Benjamin;Delpierre, Nicolas;Guérin, Roger;Martin-StPaul, Nicolas K.
• 通讯作者: Martin-StPaul, Nicolas K.