Food cultures: Interdisciplinary studies of early farming food technology and palaeodiet in Southeastern Europe

从觅食到耕种的转变可以说是人类史前的关键事件之一。这个项目探索了古饮食、食品技术和东南欧农业传播(“新自由主义”)之间的关系。巴尔干半岛是一个从半干旱环境向温带环境过渡的地区，因此是采用近东农业技术并将其推广到欧洲大陆的关键区域。有人提出，营养对于早期农业社会的生存和成功至关重要，而农业的传播是由于食物获取战略、饮食和食品加工技术迅速适应新环境而成为可能的。为了验证这一假设，该项目将在三个地理区域进行跨学科研究，这些区域具有不同的生态系统、不同的农业转型历史和农业分布的十字路口：巴尔干南部的色雷斯(卡拉诺沃一期)、巴尔干中部的舒马迪亚(斯塔切沃早期)和喀尔巴底盆地西部的外达努比亚(线性陶器期)。传统的骨学和宏观植物学分析方法不能提供回答拟议项目主要研究问题所需的细节和精确度。因此，对文物及其背景的考古研究将与陶器的有机残留物分析、石器文物上保存的植物微化石的鉴定以及国内草食动物牙齿的高分辨率釉质内碳和氧同位素剖面研究相结合，以重建和比较这三个案例中的食物技术和食物获取策略。对巴尔干和喀尔巴西安盆地新石器时代早期食物技术和饮食的跨学科研究结果，将为长期了解欧洲农业征服的成功提供重要影响。

The shift from foraging to farming is arguably one of the pivotal events in human prehistory. This project explores the relationship between palaeodiet, food technology and the spread of agriculture (the 'neolithisation') in Southeastern Europe. The Balkan Peninsula is a zone of transition from semi-arid to temperate environments and therefore a key region for the adaptation of Near Eastern farming technology and its spread into the European continent. It is proposed that nutrition was of primary importance for the survival and success of early agricultural societies and the spread of agriculture was made possible by fast adaptations in food acquisition strategies, diet and food processing technology to new environments. To test this hypothesis, the project will carry out interdisciplinary research in three geographic areas with distinct ecosystems, different histories of transition to agriculture and crossroad positions in the farming dispersal: Thrace in the southern Balkans (Karanovo I period), Schumadija in the central Balkans (early Starcevo period) and Transdanubia in the western Carpathian Basin (Linear Pottery period). The conventional methods of osteological and macrobotanical analysis do not provide the detail and precision that are necessary to answer the main research question of the proposed project. Therefore, archaeological studies of artefacts and their contexts will be combined with organic residue analysis of ceramics, identification of plant microfossils preserved on stone artefacts, and studies of high-resolution intra-enamel carbon and oxygen isotope profiles of domestic herbivore teeth to reconstruct and compare the food technology and the strategies of food acquisition in these three case studies. The results of the interdisciplinary research on early Neolithic food technology and diet in the Balkans and the Carpathian Basin will provide crucial implications for understanding the success of the farming conquest in Europe in the long term.