Local adaptation and the evolution of plasticity under predator invasion and warming seas: consequences for individuals, populations, and communities

捕食者入侵和海洋变暖下的局部适应和可塑性进化：对个人、种群和社区的影响

• 批准号: 2017626
• 负责人: Geoffrey Trussell
• 金额: $ 64.39万
• 依托单位: Northeastern University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2020-09-01 至 2024-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2017626&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Local; adaptation; evolution; plasticity; under

Over the past two decades, the Gulf of Maine has experienced unprecedented warming that, among other things, has further enabled the invasive green crab to expand its range in rocky shore habitats. The adverse ecological impacts of this invasive predator have been documented worldwide. This study examines how geographic variation in the capacity of two common prey species to respond to the combination of this predator and warming ocean temperatures can shape prey feeding and performance and impact community structure and dynamics. Hence, this research enhances understanding of the evolution of phenotypes, their plasticity, and the nature of adaptation and its role in eco-evolutionary dynamics. More broadly, it informs understanding of how organisms and marine communities may respond to future environmental change. In addition, this project makes contributions to the STEM pipeline by providing middle and high school, undergraduate, and graduate students with cross-disciplinary training in evolutionary and community ecology. In collaboration with an institutional outreach program, the investigator is also developing web-based multimedia projects and teacher resource materials based on this research.A central principle in ecology is that species residing in the middle of food chains must balance the benefits of eating with the risk of being eaten by their predators. Solving this foraging-predation risk trade-off often involves plasticity in prey traits with consequences for the evolution of adaptation and species interactions that drive community-level processes. Hence, the foraging-predation risk trade-off provides a powerful conceptual framework that links evolutionary and community ecology. Yet at the same time, other environmental stressors like temperature can shape this trade-off, adding complexity that makes it difficult to predict the capacity of organisms to adapt to environmental change and the consequences for communities. The investigator is conducting this study in rocky shore habitats of the Gulf of Maine (GOM) which have long been influenced by strong latitudinal temperature gradients and non-native species invasions. The overarching hypothesis is that predation risk and temperature are factors shaping geographic variation in plasticity and adaptation, with consequences for individuals, populations, and communities. First, the investigator is conducting field experiments to document geographic variation in the trait plasticity of two common prey species in the green crab’s diet. Second, he is using reciprocal transplant experiments to examine trait plasticity in response to risk and water temperature, generating data to compare with similar experiments conducted in the late 90s prior to recent ocean warming and expansion in range of green crabs. Third, he is conducting a laboratory common garden experiment to evaluate the effects of risk and water temperature on trait plasticity. Finally, he is using reciprocal transplant experiments in the field to understand the interactive effects of risk and water temperature on prey foraging rates and the abundance of a species that plays an important role in intertidal community structure and dynamics.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

在过去的二十年中，缅因州的湾经历了前所未有的变暖，除其他外，这进一步使侵入性的绿蟹能够扩大其在岩石海岸栖息地的范围。这种侵入性捕食者的不利生态影响已在全球范围内记录在全球范围内。这项研究检查了两个常见猎物物种对该捕食者和温暖海洋温度的组合反应的能力的地理变化如何塑造猎物的喂食，性能以及影响社区的结构和动态。因此，这项研究增强了对表型的演变的理解，它们的可塑性和适应性及其在生态进化动力学中的作用。从更广泛的角度来看，它可以告知人们对生物和海洋社区如何应对未来环境变化的理解。此外，该项目通过为中学和高中，本科生和研究生提供进化和社区生态学的跨学科培训来为STEM管道做出贡献。与机构外展计划合作，研究人员还基于这项研究开发了基于Web的多媒体项目和教师资源材料。生态学的中央原则是，居住在食物链中间的物种必须平衡进食的好处，并有其掠食者进食的风险。解决这种觅食的预言风险权衡通常涉及猎物特征的可塑性，这对推动社区水平过程的适应性和物种相互作用的发展产生了影响。因此，觅食的预言风险权衡提供了一个有力的概念框架，该框架将进化和社区生态联系起来。然而，与此同时，其他环境压力源（例如温度）可以影响这种权衡，从而增加了复杂性，这使得很难预测有机体适应环境变化和对社区的后果的能力。研究人员正在缅因州湾（GOM）的岩石海岸栖息地进行这项研究，这些山地（GOM）长期以来受到强纬度温度梯度和非本地物种入侵的影响。总体假设是，预测风险和温度是塑造可塑性和适应地理变化的因素，对个人，人口和社区的影响。首先，研究人员正在进行现场实验，以记录绿蟹饮食中两个常见猎物物种的特质可塑性中的地理变化。其次，他正在使用相互移植实验来检查风险和水温的响应性状可塑性，从而生成数据，以与90年代后期进行的类似实验进行比较，然后在最近的海洋变暖和绿色蟹范围的扩张。第三，他正在进行实验室通用花园实验，以评估风险和水温对性状可塑性的影响。最后，他正在现场使用相互的移植实验，以了解风险和水温对猎物觅食率的互动效果，以及在潮间带社区结构和动态中起着重要作用的物种的抽象。该奖项反映了NSF的法规任务，并认为通过基金会的知识优点和广泛的criper scritia criperia criperia crigatia crigatia criperia criperia criperia criperia criperia均被认为是宝贵的。