Doctoral Dissertation Research in DRMS: Individual differences in Type 1 thought: The other half of human intelligence
DRMS博士论文研究:第一类思维的个体差异:人类智力的另一半
基本信息
- 批准号:2018073
- 负责人:
- 金额:$ 3.04万
- 依托单位:
- 依托单位国家:美国
- 项目类别:Standard Grant
- 财政年份:2020
- 资助国家:美国
- 起止时间:2020-08-01 至 2023-07-31
- 项目状态:已结题
- 来源:
- 关键词:
项目摘要
This research project is designed to extend our understanding of intelligence to types of thinking that have been largely ignored in the intelligence literature. IQ tests are among the most powerful predictors of individual achievement and outcomes, including education, salary, and health. Prominent theories of intelligence and IQ tests have focused on a cluster of cognitive abilities that require effortful, deliberative, working memory-heavy processing such as logical, spatial, and verbal abilities, which fall under the umbrella of what psychologists call Type 2 reasoning. Intelligence research has largely ignored a second class of abilities—called Type 1 abilities—which operate automatically, effortlessly, and without working memory (such as recognizing your mother in a photo, or solving 1+1 = X). This program of research will investigate whether individual differences in Type 1 abilities are the “other half” of human intelligence, alongside Type 2 abilities. This work may improve aptitude testing and placement in educational and professional settings. Additionally, the proposed work has potential to improve education and training methods by providing an unprecedented evidence-based approach to developing individualized learning skill profiles, allowing education to be tailored to individual abilities.Currently, the dominant theory about the nature of intelligence holds that it is a unitary entity. Research has consistently found that a single measure of general intelligence (the g factor) can predict all other specific cognitive abilities (such as verbal skills, math skills, and even interpersonal skills). However, this work has largely failed to test Type 1 abilities due to a number of assumptions that have since been demonstrated to be false, such as the notion that individuals do not vary in their Type 1 abilities. Surprising preliminary evidence suggests that despite the g factor’s broad predictive ability, it may be unrelated to Type 1 abilities. This would mean that what we know about Type 2 intelligence from traditional IQ tests may not apply to Type 1 abilities. This project will develop tests to measure individual differences in Type 1 abilities and use them to investigate whether Type 1 abilities are unitary or contain multiple factors. Second, the project will contribute to emerging evidence about the independence of Type 1 abilities from Type 2 abilities by examining the relationship between Type 1 abilities and a battery of existing IQ tests. Finally, we will address the real-world implications of the ability to measure Type 1 IQ by investigating what life outcomes Type 1 IQ predicts.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.
这个研究项目旨在将我们对智力的理解扩展到在智力文献中基本上被忽视的思维类型。智商测试是个人成就和结果的最有力的预测因素之一,包括教育,工资和健康。智力和智商测试的著名理论都集中在一组认知能力上,这些能力需要努力、深思熟虑、工作记忆繁重的处理,如逻辑、空间和语言能力,这些能力属于心理学家所说的第二类推理。智力研究在很大程度上忽略了第二类能力--称为第一类能力--它们自动、毫不费力地运作,不需要工作记忆(比如在照片中认出你的母亲,或者解决1+1 = X)。这项研究计划将调查类型1能力的个体差异是否是人类智力的“另一半”,以及类型2能力。这项工作可能会改善教育和专业环境中的能力倾向测试和安置。此外,这项研究还提供了一种前所未有的基于证据的方法来开发个性化的学习技能,从而有可能改善教育和培训方法,使教育能够根据个人能力进行调整。目前,关于智力本质的主流理论认为它是一个统一的实体。研究一直发现,一般智力(g因子)的单一指标可以预测所有其他特定的认知能力(如语言技能,数学技能,甚至人际交往技能)。然而,这项工作在很大程度上未能测试1型能力,因为许多假设已经被证明是错误的,例如个人在1型能力方面没有变化的概念。令人惊讶的初步证据表明,尽管g因子具有广泛的预测能力,但它可能与1型能力无关。这意味着我们从传统智商测试中了解的第二类智力可能不适用于第一类能力。本项目将开发测试来测量第1类能力的个体差异,并使用它们来调查第1类能力是单一的还是包含多个因素。第二,该项目将通过研究第一类能力与现有智商测试之间的关系,为第一类能力与第二类能力之间的独立性提供新的证据。最后,我们将通过调查1型智商预测的生活结果来解决测量1型智商的能力对现实世界的影响。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命,并通过使用基金会的智力价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估,被认为值得支持。
项目成果
期刊论文数量(0)
专著数量(0)
科研奖励数量(0)
会议论文数量(0)
专利数量(0)
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Daniel Oppenheimer其他文献
Creating a Bot-tleneck for malicious AI: Psychological methods for bot detection.
为恶意人工智能创建瓶颈:机器人检测的心理学方法。
- DOI:
10.3758/s13428-024-02357-9 - 发表时间:
2024 - 期刊:
- 影响因子:5.4
- 作者:
Christopher Rodriguez;Daniel Oppenheimer - 通讯作者:
Daniel Oppenheimer
Contrast opacification on thoracic CT angiography: challenges and solutions
- DOI:
10.1007/s13244-016-0524-3 - 发表时间:
2016-11-17 - 期刊:
- 影响因子:4.500
- 作者:
Abhishek Chaturvedi;Daniel Oppenheimer;Prabhakar Rajiah;Katherine A. Kaproth-Joslin;Apeksha Chaturvedi - 通讯作者:
Apeksha Chaturvedi
Daniel Oppenheimer的其他文献
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{{ truncateString('Daniel Oppenheimer', 18)}}的其他基金
DDRIG in DRMS: Knowing Less Than We Can Tell: Assessing Metacognitive Knowledge in Subjective, Multi-Attribute Choice
DRMS 中的 DDRIG:我们所知甚少:评估主观、多属性选择中的元认知知识
- 批准号:
2333553 - 财政年份:2024
- 资助金额:
$ 3.04万 - 项目类别:
Standard Grant
Fluency as a Substitute for Validity in Cue Selection
流畅性可以替代提示选择的有效性
- 批准号:
0518811 - 财政年份:2005
- 资助金额:
$ 3.04万 - 项目类别:
Continuing Grant
NSF/Alfred P. Sloan Foundation Postdoctoral Research Fellowship in Molecular Evolution for FY 1997
NSF/Alfred P. Sloan 基金会 1997 财年分子进化博士后研究奖学金
- 批准号:
9750015 - 财政年份:1998
- 资助金额:
$ 3.04万 - 项目类别:
Fellowship Award
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