Non Parametric Gravity: Quantifying Firm Heterogeneity and Measuring Its Macroeconomic Implications

摘要对个体企业的研究已经改变了国际贸易领域。可观察到的企业属性（如企业生产率）与国际贸易绩效之间的相关性导致了对国际贸易框架的重新评估，以及关于企业异质性对各种宏观经济结果（如贸易收益和贸易自由化后的贸易增长）重要性的生动辩论。这个项目构成了量化企业异质性和衡量其宏观经济影响的主要努力。它设想发展一个理论和实证框架，以回答在分析国际贸易中的企业绩效及其宏观经济影响的中心的三个关键问题。企业异质性如何影响贸易模型对消除贸易壁垒的预测？如何估计企业异质性的各种来源的重要性，以改进模型预测？最后，如何使用这些估计来对模型的政策影响提供更可信的评估？最终，该项目将提高用于与贸易成本变化有关的政策评价的定量模型的可信度。该项目将探讨贸易中的企业异质性和对贸易模型的估计。该研究将结合计量经济学和产业组织领域发展的非参数和半参数估计工具，以放松定量贸易模型对企业基本分布的限制性参数形式。这项研究以三个项目为基础。第一个项目利用已开发的工具来提高用于政策评估的定量模型的可信度，使它们能够在部门一级捕捉公司一级出口的非线性弹性。第二个项目将把企业个体行为的微观数据与基线框架结合起来，量化企业异质性可以影响总结果的额外边际，并估计个体企业需求。该项目最终将开发新的应用一般均衡模型，其中包含企业异质性，可用于预测未来的贸易政策。该奖项反映了美国国家科学基金会的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

AbstractThe international trade field has been transformed by the study of individual firms. The correlation between observable firm attributes, such as firm productivity, and international trade performance led to a reevaluation of international trade framework and a vivid debate about the importance of firm heterogeneity for various macroeconomic outcomes, such as the gains from trade and the trade growth after a trade liberalization. This project constitutes a major endeavor to quantify firm heterogeneity and measure its macroeconomic implications. It envisions developing a theoretical and empirical framework in order to answer three key questions at the center of the analysis of firm performance in international trade and its macroeconomic impact. How does firm heterogeneity affect the predictions of trade models for the removal of trade barriers? How can one estimate the importance of various sources of firm heterogeneity in order to improve the model predictions? Finally, how can these estimates used to provide a more credible evaluation of the model's policy implications? Ultimately the project will improve the credibility of quantitative models used for policy evaluations related to trade to trade cost changes.The project will explore firm heterogeneity in trade and on estimation of trade models. The research will incorporate nonparametric and semiparametric estimation tools developed in the fields of Econometrics and Industrial Organization in order to relax the restrictive parametric forms that quantitative trade models have imposed on the distribution of firm fundamentals. The research builds on three projects. The first project uses developed tools to improve the credibility of quantitative models used for policy evaluations by allowing them to capture non-linear elasticities of firm-level exports at the sector-level. The second project will combine micro-data on the individual behavior of firms with the baseline framework to quantify additional margins through which firm heterogeneity can affect aggregate outcomes and estimate individual firm demand. The project will ultimately develop new applied general equilibrium models that incorporate firm heterogeneity which can be used for predictions of trade policy going forward.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.