Doctoral Dissertation Research: Local Responses to Global Environmental Shifts During the Emergence of Hominins

博士论文研究：古人类出现期间当地对全球环境变化的反应

• 批准号: 2018563
• 负责人: Terry Harrison
• 金额: $ 1.99万
• 依托单位: New York University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2021-01-01 至 2022-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2018563&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Doctoral; Dissertation; Research; Local; Responses

Geological and paleontological research provides a deep-time perspective of past events that can inform scientists and policymakers about the long-term consequences of environmental patterns. Of particular interest to both scientists and the general public is the relationship between environmental change and hominin evolution. This doctoral dissertation project investigates how shifts in the environment may have played a role in the origins of two major lineages of hominins, Paranthropus and Homo. By examining how the environments in which these early hominins lived changed leading up to the divergence of Paranthropus and Homo, this project provides important evidence of the impact of environment variability on a local scale, as well as insight into the evolutionary drivers that spurred the emergence of new hominin lineages. A critical goal of this project is to train a female graduate student in STEM and to create opportunities for other women and students from underrepresented groups to gain first-hand experience in conducting science through mentorship and research. It also fosters international research collaborations and academic linkages and public science outreach and engagement. The origin and divergence of the Paranthropus and Homo lineages coincides with a period of profound environmental variability and instability at the regional and local levels. To understand the contributing factors that may have precipitated this major evolutionary event, it is important to determine the environmental context in which the two new lineages emerged. However, the nature of the relationship between global and local-scale environmental change remains poorly resolved during this critical period of human evolution. The goal of this project is to investigate the underlying environmental factors potentially driving the emergence of Paranthropus and Homo by (1) using mesowear, microwear and stable isotope analyses to reconstruct the local paleoenvironment; (2) comparing paleoenvironmental data from other sites in the region to document patterns of local environmental change; and (3) investigating the relationship between environmental change and the extinction and speciation of hominins and other mammals.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

地质学和古生物学研究提供了过去事件的深层视角，可以让科学家和政策制定者了解环境模式的长期后果。科学家和公众都特别感兴趣的是环境变化和人类进化之间的关系。这个博士论文项目调查了环境的变化如何在人类的两个主要谱系--类人猿和人的起源中发挥了作用。通过研究这些早期原始人生活的环境是如何改变的，从而导致副人猿和人的分化，这个项目提供了重要的证据，证明了环境变异性对局部规模的影响，以及对刺激新原始人血统出现的进化驱动因素的洞察。该项目的一个关键目标是培训一名STEM女研究生，并为其他妇女和来自代表性不足群体的学生创造机会，通过指导和研究获得开展科学工作的第一手经验。它还促进国际研究合作和学术联系以及公共科学的推广和参与。类人族和人族谱系的起源和分化恰逢区域和地方一级的环境剧烈变化和不稳定时期。要了解可能促成这一重大进化事件的促成因素，重要的是确定这两个新谱系出现的环境背景。然而，在人类进化的这一关键时期，全球和局部规模的环境变化之间的关系的性质仍然没有得到很好的解决。这个项目的目标是通过(1)使用中耳、微磨损和稳定同位素分析来重建当地的古环境；(2)比较来自该地区其他地点的古环境数据以记录当地环境变化的模式；以及(3)调查环境变化与人类和其他哺乳动物的灭绝和物种形成之间的关系。这一奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力优势和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。