Collaborative Research: Seasonal variability in refractory dissolved organic carbon fluxes associated with primary marine aerosol emitted from the oceans

合作研究:与海洋排放的初级海洋气溶胶相关的难熔溶解有机碳通量的季节变化

基本信息

项目摘要

Collaborative Research: Seasonal variability in refractory dissolved organic carbon fluxes associated with primary marine aerosol emitted from the oceansThe oceans hold a massive quantity of organic carbon that is greater than all terrestrial organic carbon biomass combined. Nearly all marine organic carbon is dissolved. On average, it is thousands of years old, chemically stable, and carried throughout the entire ocean several times before complete removal. However, little is known about the processes that produce and remove this old carbon, referred to as refractory dissolved organic carbon (RDOC). One potential removal pathway involves RDOC adhering onto the surfaces of rising bubbles produced by breaking waves. The bubbles ultimately burst at the sea surface, ejecting tiny particles (primary marine aerosol, “PMA”) that carry the RDOC into the atmosphere. Most of this PMA organic carbon is associated with the smallest particles (less than 1 μm diameter) that drift in the atmosphere for several days to weeks. During this time, RDOC in these particles can be degraded photochemically (by sunlight), partially transported landward, and/or returned to the sea. When this RDOC is converted to inorganic carbon (e.g., carbon dioxide) or degraded to more reactive constituents in the atmosphere, it is effectively removed from the marine RDOC reservoir. Based on preliminary results, the annual rate at which RDOC is removed from the ocean by this process is similar to all other known RDOC losses (interactions with particles, biological degradation, and hydrothermal circulation), except for photochemical degradation in seawater. Building on this prior research, this project will identify seasonal changes in the removal of RDOC from the oceans through this process during three research cruises to the northwestern Atlantic Ocean. Results from this project will provide important findings about the coupled ocean-atmosphere loss of RDOC and improve understanding of the role of RDOC in the global carbon cycle and Earth's climate. The research will involve two early career faculty, and will provide training for undergraduate, graduate, and postdoctoral researchers.Radiocarbon (C-14) measurements indicate that RDOC comprises 19 to 40 % of the organic carbon associated with PMA produced by bursting bubbles at the sea surface. Injection of RDOC into the atmosphere in association with PMA is a potentially important process that removes as much as 2 to 20 Tg RDOC yr-1 from the oceans. This project will measure seasonal variations in the PMA-mediated emission of marine RDOC to the atmosphere by quantifying: (1) the fraction of RDOC in PMA OC and (2) its relationship to the abundance of biologically produced labile and semi-labile dissolved organic matter in near surface seawater. These relationships will be evaluated at the Bermuda Atlantic Time-series Station during three research cruises (one in July, two in January). During the cruises, the investigators will measure: (1) the natural abundance C-14 values for PMA and its organic source materials in seawater; (2) the dynamic and equilibrium surface tension and physical properties of seawater, including bubble size distributions; (3) concentrations of major ions, organic carbon, carbohydrates, peptides and proteins, and surfactants in PMA; and (4) chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) and the concentrations of dissolved organic carbon, chlorophyll a, major ions, carbohydrates, peptides and proteins, and surfactants in near-surface seawater and in the sea-surface microlayer. Based on these chemical measurements and physical properties, this study will reveal the magnitude and potential controls on RDOC inputs into the atmosphere as a component of PMA.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.
合作研究:与海洋排放的初级海洋气溶胶相关的难熔溶解有机碳通量的季节变化海洋含有大量的有机碳,其数量大于所有陆地有机碳生物量的总和。几乎所有海洋有机碳都被溶解。平均而言,它已有数千年的历史,化学性质稳定,在完全清除之前会被带到整个海洋几次。然而,人们对这种旧碳(称为难熔溶解有机碳(RDOC))的产生和去除过程知之甚少。一种潜在的去除途径涉及 RDOC 粘附在破碎波浪产生的上升气泡的表面上。 气泡最终在海面破裂,喷射出微小颗粒(初级海洋气溶胶,“PMA”),将 RDOC 带到大气中。 大多数 PMA 有机碳与最小的颗粒(直径小于 1 μm)有关,它们在大气中漂移数天至数周。在此期间,这些颗粒中的 RDOC 会被光化学降解(通过阳光),部分向陆地输送,和/或返回海洋。当这种 RDOC 转化为无机碳(例如二氧化碳)或在大气中降解为更具活性的成分时,它会被有效地从海洋 RDOC 储层中去除。根据初步结果,除海水中的光化学降解外,通过该过程从海洋中去除 RDOC 的年速率与所有其他已知的 RDOC 损失(与颗粒相互作用、生物降解和热液循环)相似。在先前研究的基础上,该项目将在前往西北大西洋的三趟研究航行中通过这一过程确定海洋中 RDOC 清除的季节变化。该项目的结果将提供有关 RDOC 海洋-大气耦合损失的重要发现,并增进对 RDOC 在全球碳循环和地球气候中作用的了解。该研究将涉及两名早期职业教师,并将为本科生、研究生和博士后研究人员提供培训。放射性碳 (C-14) 测量表明,RDOC 占海面气泡破裂产生的与 PMA 相关的有机碳的 19% 至 40%。将 RDOC 与 PMA 一起注入大气中是一个潜在的重要过程,可从海洋中去除多达 2 至 20 Tg RDOC yr-1。该项目将通过量化以下内容来测量 PMA 介导的海洋 RDOC 排放到大气中的季节变化:(1) PMA OC 中 RDOC 的比例,以及 (2) 其与近地表海水中生物产生的不稳定和半不稳定溶解有机物丰度的关系。这些关系将在百慕大大西洋时间序列站的三次研究巡航期间(一次在七月,两次在一月)进行评估。 在航行期间,调查人员将测量:(1)海水中PMA及其有机源物质的天然丰度C-14值; (2) 海水的动态和平衡表面张力和物理性质,包括气泡尺寸分布; (3) PMA中主要离子、有机碳、碳水化合物、肽和蛋白质以及表面活性剂的浓度; (4)有色溶解有机物(CDOM)以及近地表海水和海表微层中溶解有机碳、叶绿素a、主要离子、碳水化合物、肽和蛋白质以及表面活性剂的浓度。基于这些化学测量和物理特性,本研究将揭示作为 PMA 组成部分对 RDOC 输入到大气中的程度和潜在控制。该奖项反映了 NSF 的法定使命,并通过使用基金会的智力价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估,被认为值得支持。

项目成果

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Amanda Frossard其他文献

Amanda Frossard的其他文献

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{{ truncateString('Amanda Frossard', 18)}}的其他基金

CAREER: Impacts of the Chemical and Physical Properties of Surfactants on the Hygroscopic Growth of Atmospheric Aerosol Particles
职业:表面活性剂的化学和物理性质对大气气溶胶颗粒吸湿生长的影响
  • 批准号:
    2239105
  • 财政年份:
    2023
  • 资助金额:
    $ 27.22万
  • 项目类别:
    Continuing Grant
Collaborative Research: Impacts of surface ocean surfactant sources and transformations on their chemical composition and air-sea relevant properties
合作研究:海洋表层表面活性剂来源及其转化对其化学成分和海气相关特性的影响
  • 批准号:
    2123368
  • 财政年份:
    2021
  • 资助金额:
    $ 27.22万
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant

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