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NCS-FO: Advantages of varying navigational abilities in humans and robots

NCS-FO：人类和机器人不同导航能力的优势

基本信息

批准号：
2024633
负责人：
Elizabeth Chrastil
金额：
$ 99.64万
依托单位：
University of California-Irvine
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Standard Grant
财政年份：
2020
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2020-10-01 至 2024-09-30
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2024633&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
NCS FO Advantages varying navigational

项目摘要

Despite the importance of navigational skill, people’s ability to find their way around and the approaches they take vary widely. Yet we do not know why this variation exists or how different strategies are used during everyday navigation. In robotics, self-driving cars, and other autonomous systems, it has become increasingly clear that a one-size-fits-all approach is not viable for all environments and user needs. Similarly, producing autonomous systems with different navigational strengths could improve the capacity of autonomous systems as a whole, such as teams of exploring or search-and-rescue robots. This project brings together researchers from neuroscience, cognitive psychology, computer science, and robotics to study variability in navigation abilities and strategies in complex environments. The researchers combine behavioral, neuroscience, and computational approaches. Pinpointing the neural and behavioral markers that underlie individual differences will lead to customized solutions to navigational challenges and optimize the performance of autonomous systems for differing environmental conditions. The outcomes of this research will have the following specific benefits to society and scientific discovery: 1) advancing theoretical understanding of the processes involved in spatial navigation, 2) understanding the advantages of variation in both humans and robots, impacting how people approach both fields, 3) implications for improvements in self-driving cars, GPS wayfinding devices, and transportation signage, and 4) broader dissemination of virtual reality (VR) technology.The overarching cross-disciplinary aims of this study are to 1) test whether human spatial navigation is a singular competence or whether multiple abilities contribute, 2) establish the neural markers of human navigational abilities through multi-modal imaging, and 3) implement and test different navigational abilities in robots in real-world situations. This study will be the largest to date (n = 270) to study human navigation abilities, using both structural equation modeling and multivariate analysis of imaging data to deeply address this question. Furthermore, the project will broaden the scope of abilities to relate navigation skills to working memory, learning, personality, and other factors. Implementing navigational strategies and abilities in robots provides a controlled test of their tradeoffs. By manipulating the planning and mapping strategies of robots, the researchers can isolate particular abilities and their contributions to navigation, testing both navigational theory and practical advantages for autonomous systems. The interdisciplinary approach of this project harnesses the strengths of cognitive science, robotics, and neuroscience to test the fundamental nature of human individual variability.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

尽管导航技能很重要，但人们找到路的能力和采取的方法却有很大差异。然而我们不知道为什么会存在这种差异，也不知道在日常导航过程中如何使用不同的策略。在机器人、自动驾驶汽车和其他自主系统中，越来越明显的是，一刀切的方法并不适用于所有环境和用户需求。同样，生产具有不同导航强度的自主系统可以提高整个自主系统的能力，例如探索或搜救机器人团队。该项目汇集了来自神经科学、认知心理学、计算机科学和机器人学的研究人员，研究复杂环境中导航能力和策略的变化。研究人员结合了行为、神经科学和计算方法。查明个体差异背后的神经和行为标记将为导航挑战提供定制的解决方案，并针对不同的环境条件优化自主系统的性能。这项研究的成果将为社会和科学发现带来以下具体好处：1）增进对空间导航过程的理论理解，2）了解人类和机器人变异的优势，影响人们处理这两个领域的方式，3）对自动驾驶汽车、GPS寻路设备和交通标牌的改进的影响，以及4）更广泛地传播虚拟现实（VR）技术。这项研究的总体跨学科目标是：1）测试人类空间导航是否是一种单一能力或多种能力是否起作用；2）通过多模态成像建立人类导航能力的神经标记；3）在现实世界中实现和测试机器人的不同导航能力。这项研究将是迄今为止研究人类导航能力的最大规模的研究（n = 270），利用结构方程模型和成像数据的多元分析来深入解决这个问题。此外，该项目还将扩大将导航技能与工作记忆、学习、个性和其他因素联系起来的能力范围。在机器人中实施导航策略和能力可以对其权衡进行受控测试。通过操纵机器人的规划和绘图策略，研究人员可以分离特定的能力及其对导航的贡献，测试自主系统的导航理论和实际优势。该项目采用跨学科方法，利用认知科学、机器人技术和神经科学的优势来测试人类个体变异的基本性质。该奖项反映了 NSF 的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。