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RoL:FELS:RAISE: Design principles of evolved transportation networks in leaf veins

RoL:FELS:RAISE：叶脉进化运输网络的设计原理

基本信息

批准号：
2025282
负责人：
Benjamin Blonder
金额：
$ 97.55万
依托单位：
University of California-Berkeley
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Continuing Grant
财政年份：
2019
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2019-10-21 至 2024-12-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2025282&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
RoL FELS RAISE Design principles

项目摘要

Many biological systems contain spatial networks that transport resources. Examples include the branches of trees and the circulatory systems of animals. These networks vary widely in their form. Some only branch, while others form loops. Some have multiple levels of hierarchy, while others do not. This variation may reflect evolved solutions for solving diverse environmental and structural challenges. This project will study key network functions in plants, including transport efficiency, resistance to damage, and mechanical strength. There is little theory linking network form to these functions, or for predicting tradeoffs among these functions. Moreover, very few networks have been fully characterized for structure or function due to the difficulty of collecting the data and describing network architecture. Better understanding the rules underlying network architecture will provide insights into the evolution of diverse organismal forms. The principles identified in this research could one day guide the engineering of artificial networks such as solar cells or synthetic organs that could benefit society. The project will also support career development undergraduate researchers via a comprehensive mentoring program aimed at inclusion of underrepresented minority students.This project will use leaf venation networks are a model empirical system. Leaves are central to plant performance via their roles in carbon gain and water loss, processes mediated by resource transport through their venation networks. These networks have high diversity of form and function and are tractable to phenotyping and functional characterization. This project will 1) quantify network architecture in a phylogenetically broad set of 500 species from temperate forests, desert, and lowland/montane tropical forests, 2) determine how network architecture and functions/costs are linked, 3) develop and test theories for these functions/costs of networks based on multi-scale network statistics, and 4) identify macro-evolutionary drivers of network architecture. Network functionality will be measured in the field with ecophysiology methods. Machine learning methods will be used to extract network architecture from images. The project also will support interdisciplinary training for one postdoctoral researcher and two graduate students, who will gain international fieldwork and collaboration experience.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

许多生物系统包含运输资源的空间网络。例子包括树枝和动物的循环系统。这些网络在形式上差异很大。一些只有分支，而另一些则形成环路。一些企业有多个层次结构，而另一些企业则没有。这种差异可能反映了为解决各种环境和结构挑战而演变的解决方案。这个项目将研究植物中的关键网络功能，包括运输效率、抗损伤和机械强度。几乎没有理论将网络形式与这些功能联系起来，或者预测这些功能之间的权衡。此外，由于收集数据和描述网络体系结构的困难，很少有网络在结构或功能上得到完全表征。更好地理解网络体系结构背后的规则将为各种生物形式的进化提供洞察力。这项研究中确定的原则有朝一日可能会指导太阳能电池或合成器官等人工网络的工程，从而造福社会。该项目还将通过一个全面的指导计划来支持本科研究人员的职业发展，该计划旨在纳入未被充分代表的少数族裔学生。该项目将使用叶脉网络是一个模型经验系统。叶片通过其在碳获得和水分损失中的作用，是植物表现的中心，这一过程是由其脉序网络中的资源运输所介导的。这些网络具有高度的形式和功能的多样性，并且易于表型和功能表征。该项目将1)量化来自温带森林、沙漠和低地/山地热带森林的500个物种的系统发育广泛集合中的网络结构；2)确定网络结构和功能/成本是如何联系在一起的；3)根据多尺度网络统计数据开发和测试这些网络功能/成本的理论；以及4)确定网络结构的宏观进化驱动因素。网络功能将在现场使用生态生理学方法进行测量。机器学习方法将被用来从图像中提取网络结构。该项目还将支持对一名博士后研究员和两名研究生的跨学科培训，他们将获得国际实地工作和合作经验。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力优势和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。