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RAPID: Easing COVID-19 Restrictions: How Variation in State Policy and Public Health Messaging Strategies Impact Risk Perceptions and Behaviors Across Time

RAPID：放宽 COVID-19 限制：国家政策和公共卫生信息传递策略的变化如何随时间影响风险认知和行为

基本信息

批准号：
2030316
负责人：
Rob DeLeo
金额：
$ 16.46万
依托单位：
Bentley University
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Standard Grant
财政年份：
2020
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2020-06-15 至 2022-05-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2030316&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
RAPID Easing COVID 19 Restrictions

项目摘要

Recent studies of the transmission dynamics of COVID-19 suggest that intermittent physical distancing may be required until well into 2022 in order to reduce the continued spread of this novel disease. However, many individuals are eager to return to normalcy sooner, and state governments have begun the process of easing such restrictions and “restarting” their economies, despite continued warnings by public health officials. Effective risk communication is imperative to successfully navigating this next phase of the pandemic and reducing the possibility of a resurgence of COVID-19 in the coming months and years. This research studies the ways in which individual risk perceptions and consequent behaviors interact with and, more importantly, are shaped by policy and public health messaging strategies in the context of COVID-19. Based on data collected through a multi-wave panel survey across six U.S. states on individual risk perceptions and behaviors, this project provides usable information to policy makers and public health officials to inform risk communication for the COVID-19 pandemic in near real-time, particularly as restrictions related to social distancing, business closures, and other risk mitigation measures are lifted and changed. This project measures the extent to which individual risk perceptions and behaviors are shaped by not only the differential policies and risk messaging strategies utilized by government officials, but also by preexisting structural factors, such as racial, economic, and gender disparities. As such, the findings simultaneously inform existing public health strategies while advancing the extant literature on risk communication relevant to other on-going and emerging hazards.The COVID-19 pandemic emerged against the backdrop of an uneven landscape of health and social disparities, risk preparedness policies, and political factors across the United States (i.e., at pre-COVID time T0). In response to this threat, states have taken actions, most notably issuing stay-at-home orders, to attempt to mitigate risk. These initial state-level COVID-19 restrictions serve as T1 baseline data for understanding policy design and risk communication, against which individual risk perception and risk mitigation behavior can be assessed during the crisis phase of the pandemic. As COVID-19-related restrictions are eased across states (or tightened in the face of a second wave) over time, this study will assess changes in policy design, risk communication, risk perception, and risk mitigation behavior in the recovery phase at T2 and T3. Collecting repeated data from a diverse sample of individuals across multiple states characterized by different initial conditions and policy responses at three time points will allow tracking how risk perceptions and behaviors change over time, how these states’ policies and risk communication influence such changes, and how the effects of similar risk communication approaches vary across states with different pre-COVID structural conditions. These insights inform policy makers’ evolving risk communication strategies about the COVID-19 pandemic in near real-time, as well as generating new knowledge across multiple fields of social science that can inform mitigation of other emerging risks.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

最近对COVID-19传播动态的研究表明，可能需要间歇性的物理距离，直到2022年，以减少这种新型疾病的持续传播。然而，许多个人渴望更快恢复正常，尽管公共卫生官员不断发出警告，但州政府已经开始放松此类限制并“重启”经济。有效的风险沟通对于成功应对疫情的下一阶段以及降低COVID-19在未来数月乃至数年内死灰复燃的可能性至关重要。这项研究研究了在COVID-19的背景下，个人风险认知和随之而来的行为与政策和公共卫生信息策略相互作用的方式，更重要的是，这些方式受到政策和公共卫生信息策略的影响。根据在美国六个州进行的多波小组调查收集的个人风险认知和行为数据，该项目为政策制定者和公共卫生官员提供了可用信息，以近实时地为COVID-19大流行的风险沟通提供信息，特别是在取消和改变与社交距离、企业关闭和其他风险缓解措施有关的限制的情况下。该项目衡量个人风险认知和行为的形成程度，不仅是由政府官员使用的差异化政策和风险信息策略，而且还由预先存在的结构性因素，如种族，经济和性别差异。因此，这些发现同时为现有的公共卫生战略提供了信息，同时推进了与其他正在发生和新出现的危险相关的风险沟通方面的现有文献。COVID-19大流行是在美国各地健康和社会差距、风险准备政策和政治因素（即，在COVID之前的时间T0）。为了应对这一威胁，各州已采取行动，最明显的是发布呆在家里的命令，试图减轻风险。这些最初的州级COVID-19限制措施可作为理解政策设计和风险沟通的T1基线数据，在疫情危机阶段可据此评估个人风险认知和风险缓解行为。随着时间的推移，各州的COVID-19相关限制逐渐放松（或在面临第二波疫情时收紧），本研究将评估T2和T3恢复阶段的政策设计、风险沟通、风险认知和风险缓解行为的变化。从多个州的不同样本中收集重复数据，这些州的特征是不同的初始条件和三个时间点的政策反应，这将有助于跟踪风险认知和行为如何随时间变化，这些州的政策和风险沟通如何影响这些变化，以及类似风险沟通方法的效果如何在具有不同的前COVID结构条件的州之间变化。这些见解为政策制定者提供了关于COVID-19大流行的近实时风险沟通策略，并产生了跨多个社会科学领域的新知识，可以为其他新兴风险的缓解提供信息。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。