RAPID: Longitudinal Modeling of Teams and Teamwork during the COVID-19 Crisis

有效的团队合作能力对于满足现代世界和劳动力的需求至关重要。然而，2019冠状病毒病危机极大地改变了团队协作方式，包括远程工作时间延长、远程和现场团队混合、家庭和工作界限模糊、压力和焦虑加剧以及对未来的极度不确定性。危机的迅速爆发要求个人、团队和组织在几乎没有准备的情况下突然适应快速变化的环境。拟议的研究将调查团队合作受到的干扰，以及团队在2019冠状病毒病危机期间和随后的恢复期如何适应。该项目将在危机期间对30个现实世界的团队进行为期三个月的调查，并随着事件的发展进行为期一个月的后续调查。目标是了解团队如何应对不断变化的环境，团队如何相互支持，如何管理冲突，以及团队如何在2019冠状病毒病期间和随后的恢复期发展、适应和维持团队合作的节奏。这一基础研究对于帮助组织建立团队结构和协作过程至关重要，使他们能够在当前和未来的危机中更成功地应对中断。该项目将为计算机科学和心理学学生的跨学科培训提供独特的机会，将通过招募不同的学生来扩大参与，并将与广泛的科学界共享丰富而独特的数据集。具体目标是：(1)了解2019冠状病毒病危机期间团队的状态、过程和行为（例如，团队凝聚力、沟通模式、集体压力），重点关注与团队绩效相关的因素；(2)调查个人和团队如何经历和适应与新冠肺炎相关的重大生活事件，如学校关闭、强制保持社交距离、预算削减、疾病等；(3)识别团队状态和行为随时间变化的模式，检测这些模式的中断，并研究在危机期间和随后的恢复期如何出现新的模式。该项目将使用可穿戴传感器来跟踪心率、睡眠、身体活动和相对位置（在家或外出）、通信工具（例如，团队日历、电子邮件元数据）、生态瞬间评估（ema）、经过验证的调查工具和半结构化访谈，以调查团队状态、团队流程、团队行为和团队绩效。这些发现将有助于了解COVID-19独特背景下的团队合作，哪些因素与团队绩效相关，以及团队采取的变化是暂时的还是永久性的。该奖项反映了美国国家科学基金会的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

The ability to effectively work as a team is essential to meet the demands of the modern world and workforce. However, the COVID-19 crisis has drastically changed how teams collaborate, including periods of extended remote work, mixed remote and in-person teams, blurred home and work boundaries, elevated stress and anxiety, and extreme uncertainty about the future. The swift onset of the crisis required individuals, teams, and organizations to abruptly adapt to rapidly changing circumstances with little to no preparation. The proposed research will investigate disruptions to teamwork and how teams adapt during the COVID-19 crisis and in the ensuing recovery period. The project will investigate 30 real-world teams over a three-month period while in the midst of the crisis and for an additional one-month follow-up as events unfold. The goal is to understand how teams respond to changing contexts, how teams support each other, how conflict is managed, and how teams develop, adapt, and sustain the rhythms of teamwork during COVID-19 and in the ensuing recovery period. This foundational research will be essential to help organizations establish team structures and collaborative processes that enable them to more successfully address disruptions in the current and in future crises. The project will provide unique opportunities for interdisciplinary training of students in computer science and psychology, will broaden participation by recruiting diverse students, and will share a rich and unique dataset with the broad scientific community. The specific aims are to: (1) understand states, processes, and behaviors (e.g., team cohesion, communication patterns, collective stress) of teams during the COVID-19 crisis with a focus on factors associated with team performance; (2) investigate how individuals and teams experience and adapt to major COVID-related life events, such as school closings, enforcing of social distancing, budget cuts, illnesses, and so on; and (3) identify patterns in team states and behaviors over time, detect disruptions to these patterns, and study how new patterns emerge during the crisis and in the ensuing period of recovery. The project will use wearable sensors to track heart rate, sleep, physical activity, and relative location (home or away), communication tools (e.g., team calendars, email metadata), ecological momentary assessments (EMAs), validated survey instruments, and semi-structured interviews to investigate team states, team processes, team behaviors, and team performances in context and over time. The findings will contribute basic knowledge on teaming under the unique context of COVID-19, what factors are associated with team performance, and whether changes teams adopt are temporary or permanent.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.