RAPID: Who is (Not) Complying with the Social Distancing Directive and Why?

RAPID：谁（不）遵守社交距离指令？为什么？

• 批准号: 2031097
• 负责人: Russell Fazio
• 金额: $ 6.38万
• 依托单位: Ohio State University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2020-05-01 至 2021-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2031097&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: RAPID; Who; Complying; Social; Distancing

In the current COVID-19 pandemic, one approach to minimizing the spread of the virus focuses on people’s behavior – social distancing. Since the start of the pandemic, government leaders and health experts have requested citizens to follow social distancing directives. Despite this repeated message and despite the fact that many people are taking the message seriously, many others are violating the new norms. That raises important questions: who is and who is not complying, and why? Understanding why people choose not to practice social distancing is crucial for designing effective public service campaigns. This research investigates who complies, what specific beliefs should be addressed, and what factors make public campaigns believable. The project seeks to identify the factors that lead to greater compliance for the greater good, and will inform future public service campaigns. A series of studies examines how social distancing behaviors vary as a function of belief systems. An innovative measure of social distancing is developed – one that is more behavioral in nature than the typical survey. The critical beliefs that are to be examined stem from a conceptual framework regarding a directive as involving three essential components. One is the source -- someone is requesting people to change their behavior. A second is the surrounding context -- the request is in response to some challenge. The third component is the target -- the persons to whom the request is addressed. Belief systems relevant to each of these three components are expected to influence the likelihood that people will comply with the request. As a result, an entire network of beliefs is expected to influence how people respond and why. Some individuals’ belief systems will lead them to view the request favorably, thus promoting appropriate social distancing behaviors. Others will reach more negative conclusions and subsequently refuse to take directives seriously. Once the concerns about the pandemic have lessened, study participants will be re-contacted and asked to again respond to social distancing behavioral scenarios and to indicate if they had experienced virus symptoms in the interim. Those follow-up data will shed light on the relationship between individuals’ social distancing behaviors and their subsequent likelihood of infection. The research aims to inform theory regarding social compliance processes, and will provide a stronger foundation for developing future public service campaigns.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

在当前的COVID-19大流行中，最大限度地减少病毒传播的一种方法侧重于人们的行为——保持社交距离。自疫情开始以来，政府领导人和卫生专家一直要求公民遵守保持社交距离的指示。尽管有这样反复的信息，尽管有许多人认真对待这一信息，但仍有许多人违反了新的规范。这就提出了一些重要的问题：谁在遵守，谁没有遵守，为什么？了解人们为什么不选择保持社交距离，对于设计有效的公共服务活动至关重要。这项研究调查了谁遵守，应该解决哪些具体的信念，以及哪些因素使公共活动可信。该项目旨在确定导致更大利益的更大遵守的因素，并将为未来的公共服务运动提供信息。一系列研究考察了社会距离行为是如何随着信仰系统的变化而变化的。开发了一种创新的社会距离测量方法——一种比典型调查更注重行为的方法。要检查的关键信念源于关于指令的概念框架，涉及三个基本组成部分。一个是来源——有人要求人们改变他们的行为。第二个是周围环境——请求是对某些挑战的响应。第三个部分是目标——请求所针对的对象。与这三个组成部分相关的信念系统预计会影响人们遵守请求的可能性。因此，整个信念网络预计会影响人们的反应方式和原因。一些人的信念系统会引导他们积极地看待请求，从而促进适当的社会距离行为。其他人则会得出更消极的结论，随后拒绝认真对待指示。一旦对大流行的担忧减轻，将重新联系研究参与者，并要求他们再次对保持社交距离的行为情景做出反应，并说明他们在此期间是否出现过病毒症状。这些后续数据将揭示个人的社交距离行为与随后感染可能性之间的关系。该研究旨在为社会责任过程的理论提供信息，并将为发展未来的公共服务运动提供更坚实的基础。该奖项反映了美国国家科学基金会的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。