Understanding Heat-transfer Regimes in Past, Present and Future Climates

了解过去、现在和未来气候下的传热机制

• 批准号: 2033467
• 负责人: Tiffany Shaw
• 金额: $ 57.44万
• 依托单位: University of Chicago
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2021-02-01 至 2024-01-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2033467&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Understanding; Heat; transfer; Regimes; Past

The Earth's climate is a product of heat transfer, as the warming effect of heat energy gains, including the latent heat released in precipitation, must over time be balanced by equal heat losses to achieve a persistent climate state in any given region. An atmospheric column can transfer heat energy through its top and bottom by radiation, for instance when it cools by emitting infrared radiation to space, and by evaporation and thermal conduction at the Earth's surface. Lateral heat transfer is also critical, as in the tropics the Earth receives more energy from the sun than it radiates back to space and the opposite is true near the poles. Thus the tropics must export heat energy to the poles to balance the budgets of both regions. Work under this award seeks to understand atmospheric heat transfer in low, middle, and high latitudes, considering both changes in heat transfer over the the seasonal cycle and differences in heat transfer between warmer and colder climates. For example simulations of modern climate show strong seasonal variations in latitudinal heat balances, with radiation largely balancing local evaporation and surface heat conduction in the middle latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere in summer, while lateral heat transfer is more prominent in other seasons. The situation is quite different in simulations of the "snowball earth" climate, where lateral transfer is prominent throughout the year over most of the globe. The underlying mechanisms that determine atmospheric heat balances in different climates, and drive changes in heat balances during transitions between climate states, are explored through analysis of existing simulations and through novel simulations using a variety of model configurations.Heat transport plays an essential role in maintaining Earth's climate, and research on the topic has societal value given the need to better understand how the climate system works and how it is likely to change under the influence of greenhouse gas increases and changes in aerosol pollution. The project also provides support and training for a graduate student and an undergraduate, the latter recruited through a campus-wide program dedicated to increasing participation of underrepresented minorities in scientific research.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

地球的气候是传热的产物，因为随着时间的流逝，热能增益的变暖效应，包括在降水中释放的潜热，必须通过相等的热量损失来平衡，才能在任何给定的地区达到持续的气候状态。大气柱可以通过辐射通过其顶部和底部传递热能，例如，当它通过向空间发射红外辐射以及通过在地球表面蒸发和热传导来冷却时。 侧向传热也很关键，因为在热带地区，地球从太阳中获得的能量比辐射回空间更多，而在杆子附近相反。因此，热带地区必须将热能出口到极点，以平衡两个地区的预算。 该奖项下的工作旨在了解低纬度，中间和高纬度的大气传热，考虑到季节性周期中的传热变化以及温暖和较冷气候之间的传热差异。例如，现代气候的模拟显示出纬度热平衡的季节性变化，辐射在夏季北半球的中纬度中的辐射很大程度上平衡了局部蒸发和表面热传导，而在其他季节，侧向热传递更为突出。 在“雪地地球”气候的模拟中，情况大不相同，在全球大部分地区，全年的横向转移是突出的。 通过分析现有模型和各种模型配置，通过分析现有模型的分析和新颖的模拟来探索确定大气热平衡并在气候状态之间过渡期间的热量变化的基本机制，并探索热量的变化。加热的运输在维持地球的气候中起着至关重要的作用，并且在维持地球的气候中起着对邻居的影响，并且在启用eer的情况下可能会更改启动，从而可以更好地改变气候的变化。 污染。该项目还为研究生和本科生提供支持和培训，后者是通过校园范围内的计划招募的，该计划致力于增加代表性不足的少数群体参与科学研究。这项奖项反映了NSF的法定任务，并被认为是通过基金会的智力优点和广泛的影响来评估CRETERIA的评估。

项目成果

Quantifying Energy Balance Regimes in the Modern Climate, Their Link to Lapse Rate Regimes, and Their Response to Warming

量化现代气候中的能量平衡机制、它们与失效率机制的联系以及它们对变暖的反应

• DOI: 10.1175/jcli-d-21-0440.1
• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: Journal of Climate
• 影响因子: 4.9

Why Are Mountaintops Cold? The Transition of Surface Lapse Rate on Dry Planets

山顶为何寒冷？

• DOI: 10.1029/2023gl106683
• 发表时间: 2023
• 期刊: Geophysical Research Letters
• 影响因子: 5.2
• 作者: Fan, Bowen;Jansen, Malte F.;Mischna, Michael A.;Kite, Edwin S.
• 通讯作者: Kite, Edwin S.