Collaborative Research: A Scalable Sustainability-Based Approach to a Novel Demand Response Paradigm in the Emerging Smart Grid

该研究项目解决了美国电力生产和消费的能源效率和可持续性问题。当电力系统的需求达到峰值时，比如在炎热的夏季，增加的电力由效率低下、污染严重的调峰机组提供。如果需求可以从这个高峰时间转移或移除，那么电力就可以以可持续的、节能的方式生产和消费。在这个项目中，我们介绍了一个协调的多电压级能源管理系统的新方法，以减少高峰电力需求，这有助于美国的可持续能源未来。项目的范围预计将显著和积极影响未来电力系统的几个至关重要的领域，包括整合，协调和部署分布式资源在终端用户领域；整个电力系统的端到端交互；全面放松对电力市场和控制中心的管制；以及工程师队伍的发展。此外，这项研究将鼓励、促进和加速新技术在电网中的部署，帮助实现能源独立、低碳足迹、减少峰值负荷和全面放松电力管制。拟议的智能能源管理系统和新的可持续性指标可能会影响其他关键的能源输送基础设施，如天然气和石油输送系统、交通、水电大坝（以及相关的灌溉合同）、解除管制的市场和电信。这项研究将通过有针对性的K-12 STEM教育传播给特定和广泛的受众。项目推广工作的成功与否将由一位独立的教育工作者进行评估。为了实现研究项目的技术目标，提出了一种独特的基础设施框架，用于协调多电压级多聚合规模的能源管理系统，从个人最终用户资产扩展到大输电网，目标是优化环境和经济可持续性。这种转换的新方法利用聚合实体通过聚合和控制终端用户资产（例如，电动汽车）来执行需求响应。介绍了与大宗电价和零售电价并存的一种独特的时变需求响应定价方法——顾客激励定价，并在不同的市场和系统条件下对其有效性进行了评价。为了实现基于整体集热器的需求响应能源管理系统，设计了新的协调随机控制算法，并对其在现有的大宗和零售电力市场的适用性进行了评估。这些算法将使用高保真建模和联合仿真进行评估，涉及新开发的可持续性指标，市场和电力系统效率，以及算法在独特测试平台上对现实尺寸电力系统的可扩展性。

The research project addresses energy efficiency and sustainability issues of electricity production and consumption in the United States. When the demand on the electric power system peaks, such as on hot summer days, the increased electricity is supplied by inefficient and polluting generators called peaking units. If the demand can be shifted or removed from this peak time, then electricity can be generated and consumed in a sustainable, energy-efficient manner. In this project, we introduce new methods for a coordinated multi-voltage-level energy management system to reduce peak electricity demand, which contributes to a sustainable energy future for the U.S. The project's scope is expected to significantly and positively impact several areas of vital importance to the future electric power system, including the integration, coordination, and deployment of distributed resources in the end-user realm; end-to-end interaction across the electric power system; full deregulation of electricity markets and control centers; and development of the engineering workforce. Additionally, the research will encourage, facilitate, and accelerate the deployment of new technologies in the electric grid and help achieve energy independence, low carbon footprint, reduced peak loads, and full-scale electric deregulation. The proposed intelligent energy management systems and new sustainability metrics may impact other critical energy delivery infrastructures, such as gas and oil delivery systems, transportation, hydroelectric dams (and associated irrigation contracts), deregulated markets, and telecommunications. The research will be disseminated to specific as well as broad audiences and through targeted K-12 STEM education. The success of the project outreach efforts will be evaluated by an independent educator.To achieve the technical goals of the research project, a unique infrastructural framework is proposed for a coordinated multi-voltage-level multi-aggregation-scale energy management system, extending from the individual end-user asset to the bulk transmission grid, with the goal of optimizing environmental and economic sustainability. This transformational new method utilizes aggregator entities to perform demand response via the aggregation and control of end-user assets (e.g., electric vehicles). Customer incentive pricing, a unique time-varying pricing method for demand response that coexists with bulk power pricing and retail electricity pricing, is introduced and its effectiveness is evaluated under different market and system conditions. To realize the new holistic aggregator-based demand response energy management system, new coordinated stochastic control algorithms will be designed and their applicability for the existing bulk and retail power markets will be evaluated. These algorithms will be assessed using high-fidelity modeling and co-simulation, with respect to newly developed sustainability metrics, market and power system efficiency, and algorithm scalability to a realistic-size power system on a unique test bed.