NSFGEO-NERC: “Collaborative Research – P2P: Predators to Plankton — Biophysical Controls in Antarctic Polynyas

NSFGEO-NERC合作研究：P2P：捕食者对浮游生物-南极多殖区的生物物理控制第一部分：非技术描述：罗斯海，一个全球重要的生态热点，拥有世界上25%至45%的ad<s:1>和帝企鹅，南极贼鸥，南极海燕和威德尔海豹种群。它也是南大洋内为数不多的海洋保护区之一，旨在保护其生态系统的运作。为了保护企鹅，需要参与一个国际研究和监测项目，更重要的是，需要把企鹅作为捕食者的认识和它们栖息地的海洋生物学结合起来。该项目将通过评估adsamlie企鹅的觅食地和食物选择来获取这些物种在当地食物网中的作用的数据，而多传感器海洋滑翔机将自动量化猎物的丰度和分布以及海洋特性，包括食物网底部的浮游植物。此外，卫星图像将量化企鹅觅食区域内的海冰和鲸鱼（已知的企鹅竞争对手）。经验丰富的年轻研究人员将参与该项目，同时还将开展一项公共宣传计划，该计划将在每个野外季节接触200多个学校团体，并对企鹅生态网站进行超过100万次访问。关于生态系统变化的教训，以及如何测量它，即STEM领域，将被强调。研究结果将分发给世界科学界和管理界。第二部分：技术描述：该项目与英国国家环境研究委员会（NERC）合作，评估罗斯海西南部的食物网结构。罗斯海是最近建立的罗斯海地区海洋保护区的主要部分，旨在保护该地区的食物网结构、动态和功能。本研究收集的深入、完整的生态信息将有助于该系统的管理。罗斯海西南部，特别是罗斯海冰川（RSP）的边缘冰区，支持着全球标志性和指示物种的种群：25%的帝企鹅，30%的adsamlie企鹅，50%的南极skuas和45%的威德尔海豹。然而，尽管个体研究得很好，但这些成员作为捕食者的角色在理解罗斯海食物网动态和生物地球化学方面的作用却很差。来自多传感器海洋滑翔机、高分辨率卫星图像、企鹅饮食分析和生物学的信息，如果整合在一起，将有助于在RSP的生物地球化学研究中了解“捕食景观”。英国合作者将提供最先进的滑翔机技术、滑翔机编程、压舱、操作和专业知识，以评估研究区域的海洋条件。几位年轻的科学家将参与其中，同时还将开展一个现有的推广计划，该计划每年覆盖200多个K-12学校团体，每月网站访问量超过100万次。该奖项反映了美国国家科学基金会的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

NSFGEO-NERC Collaborative Research: P2P: Predators to Plankton – Biophysical controls in Antarctic polynyasPart I: Non-technical description: The Ross Sea, a globally important ecological hotspot, hosts 25% to 45% of the world populations of Adélie and Emperor penguins, South Polar skuas, Antarctic petrels, and Weddell seals. It is also one of the few marine protected areas within the Southern Ocean, designed to protect the workings of its ecosystem. To achieve conservation requires participation in an international research and monitoring program, and more importantly integration of what is known about penguin as predators and the biological oceanography of their habitat. The project will acquire data on these species’ role within the local food web through assessing of Adélie penguin feeding grounds and food choices, while multi-sensor ocean gliders autonomously quantify prey abundance and distribution as well as ocean properties, including phytoplankton, at the base of the food web. Additionally, satellite imagery will quantify sea ice and whales, known penguin competitors, within the penguins’ foraging area. Experienced and young researchers will be involved in this project, as will a public outreach program that reaches more than 200 school groups per field season, and with an excess of one million visits to a website on penguin ecology. Lessons about ecosystem change, and how it is measured, i.e. the STEM fields, will be emphasized. Results will be distributed to the world scientific and management communities. Part II: Technical description: This project, in collaboration with the United Kingdom (UK) National Environmental Research Council (NERC), assesses food web structure in the southwestern Ross Sea, a major portion of the recently established Ross Sea Region Marine Protected Area that has been designed to protect the region’s food web structure, dynamics and function. The in-depth, integrated ecological information collected in this study will contribute to the management of this system. The southwestern Ross Sea, especially the marginal ice zone of the Ross Sea Polynya (RSP), supports global populations of iconic and indicator species: 25% of Emperor penguins, 30% of Adélie penguins, 50% of South Polar skuas, and 45% of Weddell seals. However, while individually well researched, the role of these members as predators has been poorly integrated into understanding of Ross Sea food web dynamics and biogeochemistry. Information from multi-sensor ocean gliders, high-resolution satellite imagery, diet analysis and biologging of penguins, when integrated, will facilitate understanding of the ‘preyscape’ within the intensively investigated biogeochemistry of the RSP. UK collaborators will provide state-of-the-art glider technology, glider programming, ballasting, and operation and expertise to evaluate the oceanographic conditions of the study area. Several young scientists will be involved, as well as an existing outreach program already developed that reaches annually more than 200 K-12 school groups and has more than one million website visits per month.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.