SBP: The Emergence of Social Biases in Infancy

SBP：婴儿期社会偏见的出现

• 批准号: 2041218
• 负责人: Amanda Woodward
• 金额: $ 76.5万
• 依托单位: University of Chicago
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2021-09-01 至 2026-08-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2041218&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: SBP; Emergence; Social; Biases; Infancy

This project investigates the developmental origins of social bias. Before their first birthdays, infants prefer people from familiar racial groups and people who speak their native language. These biases are related to social experience: Infants who have more contact with social diversity are less biased against people from unfamiliar groups. The proposed studies will shed new light on the mechanisms that give rise to infants’ social biases by innovating methods to: (1) assess the emotional and cognitive aspects of infants’ biases, (2) investigate the neural systems involved, and (3) identify the aspects of social experience that may be important for establishing social bias. The findings will provide insights into how to mitigate the negative consequences of social biases, as well as developing new research tools for studying relations between behavior, brain and social experience during early development. A major goal of this project is to address the dearth of research with minority populations in cognitive development research. Studies will involve equal numbers of infants from minority and majority backgrounds in order to better understand how social biases emerge across the diversity of human experience.Prior research indicates that infants’ visual preferences express social bias, but the cognitive and affective processes involved, and the associated social and neural mechanisms are poorly understood. This project addresses these open issues by bringing together an innovative set of behavioral, neural and social measures in research with 9-month-old infants. Across six studies, infants will be presented with people from different linguistic and racial groups and infants’ brain activity (EEG: frontal-temporal theta; mu rhythm; frontal alpha asymmetry) and behavioral responses (attention, learning, imitation, and approach-withdrawal tendencies) to members of familiar vs. unfamiliar social groups will be compared. The diversity in infants’ social environments will be assessed via neighborhood census data and a parent survey to assess infants’ close social networks. This research will provide fundamental new insights into the nature of infants’ social biases and the conditions that contribute to them. The multidisciplinary approach will inform scientific understanding of brain-behavior-environment relations during early development.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

这个项目调查了社会偏见的发展起源。在一岁之前，婴儿更喜欢来自熟悉的种族群体和说母语的人。这些偏见与社会经验有关：与社会多样性接触较多的婴儿对来自不熟悉群体的人的偏见较少。这些研究将通过创新方法来揭示婴儿社会偏见产生的机制：(1)评估婴儿社会偏见的情感和认知方面，(2)调查相关的神经系统，(3)确定可能对建立社会偏见很重要的社会经验方面。这一发现将为如何减轻社会偏见的负面影响提供见解，并为研究早期发育过程中行为、大脑和社会经验之间的关系开发新的研究工具。该项目的一个主要目标是解决认知发展研究中少数民族人口研究的缺乏问题。研究将涉及来自少数民族和多数民族背景的相同数量的婴儿，以便更好地了解社会偏见是如何在人类经验的多样性中出现的。先前的研究表明，婴儿的视觉偏好表达了社会偏见，但对其所涉及的认知和情感过程以及相关的社会和神经机制知之甚少。该项目通过对9个月大的婴儿进行研究，将一套创新的行为、神经和社会措施结合起来，解决了这些悬而未决的问题。在六项研究中，婴儿将与来自不同语言和种族群体的人在一起，并比较婴儿对熟悉和不熟悉的社会群体成员的大脑活动（脑电图：额颞叶θ波；mu节奏；额α不对称）和行为反应（注意力、学习、模仿和接近退缩倾向）。婴儿社会环境的多样性将通过邻里人口普查数据和父母调查来评估婴儿的亲密社会网络。这项研究将为婴儿社会偏见的本质及其产生的条件提供基础性的新见解。多学科方法将为早期发展过程中大脑-行为-环境关系的科学理解提供信息。该奖项反映了美国国家科学基金会的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

项目成果

Do infants and adults process others' actions differently based on others' linguistic group?

婴儿和成人是否会根据他人的语言群体而以不同的方式处理他人的行为？

• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: Flux Congress
• 作者: Colomer, M.;Hwang, H. G.;Woodward, A.
• 通讯作者: Woodward, A.

Development of infants' attention to speakers of their native language in static and dynamic scenes.

婴儿在静态和动态场景中对母语使用者的注意力的发展。

• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: Society for Personality and Social Psychology
• 作者: Colomer, M.;Hwang, H. G.;Woodward, A.
• 通讯作者: Woodward, A.