Collaborative Research: SBP: Understanding the Cultural and Psychological Roots of Inequality Maintenance: Omissions of Native Americans

合作研究：SBP：了解不平等维持的文化和心理根源：美洲原住民的遗漏

• 批准号: 2041233
• 负责人: Stephanie Fryberg
• 金额: $ 59.37万
• 依托单位: Regents of the University of Michigan - Ann Arbor
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2021-05-01 至 2024-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2041233&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; SBP; Understanding; Cultural

Compared to other racial groups, Native Americans (the Indigenous Peoples of the United States) face disproportionately negative outcomes across many consequential domains of life, including education, income, housing, and criminal justice. Social psychology helps to understand how biases such as stereotyping, prejudice, and discrimination contribute to Native Americans’ disparate outcomes. This research team has identified another distinct form of bias that undermines Native Americans’ opportunities and wellbeing: biases of omission. Biases of omission refer to the ways in which Native Americans are written out of public consciousness. For example, research demonstrates that relative to other groups, mainstream television and news media rarely include Native People or discuss Native issues. Americans are also taught relatively little -- and largely inaccurate -- information about Native Americans. As one example, the majority of history curricula in American schools discuss Native Peoples only in pre-20th century contexts, rendering invisible the 5.2 million Native Americans currently living in the United States. The research in this project documents the scope and psychological impact of Native omissions, and explores how non-Native Americans justify those omissions. Studies also examine the motivational underpinnings of the relation between justifications of Native omissions and non-Natives’ national esteem, and test the efficacy of interventions that offer potential for improving Native peoples’ wellbeing. This project explores both the scope of biases of omissions of Native Americans and the psychological processes that perpetuate these biases. The research is based on the observation that a core cultural narrative of the United States is that of an exceptional, morally superior, equitable, and meritocratic society. Yet Native Peoples’ historic and contemporary experiences in the United States, including state-sanctioned violence and discrimination arising from the country’s settler colonial origins, contradicts these core cultural narratives. It is therefore hypothesized that Native omissions arise from a desire among non-Native Americans to protect these core cultural narratives and to maintain national esteem -- a sense of attachment to and pride in one’s nation. Three lines of studies test the tenets of this theoretical framework using large samples of Native American participants coupled with samples of non-Native adults from across the United States. The first phase of research documents the scope and psychological impact of Native omissions, including assessments of how and in what domains Native People experience omissions in U.S. society and the effect of omissions on individual and community wellbeing. Additional studies explore how and to what extent non-Native Americans justify omissions documented by Native participants, and whether justifications of Native omissions play a culturally protective role for non-Natives. The final phase of research examines the efficacy of acknowledging Native omissions as a means of improving Native peoples’ wellbeing by examining whether acknowledgements (vs. justifications) of Native omissions by mainstream U.S. institutions can enhance Native Americans’ individual and collective wellbeing. The program of research aims to expand the psychological literature by laying the theoretical groundwork for understanding an understudied form of bias and by shedding light on the experiences of Native Americans -- people who are vastly underrepresented in psychological theory and research. The project also documents and helps to change the psychological processes that perpetuate social inequalities, particularly those experienced by Native Americans, thereby contributing to the science of broadening participation.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

与其他种族群体相比，美洲原住民（美国的土著人民）在许多后果领域，包括教育，收入，住房和刑事司法，面临着不成比例的负面结果。社会心理学有助于了解诸如刻板印象，偏见和歧视之类的偏见有助于美洲原住民的不同结果。该研究团队确定了另一种不同的偏见形式，即美国原住民的机会和福祉：疏忽。遗漏的偏见是指以公众意识写出美洲原住民的方式。例如，研究表明，相对于其他团体，主流电视和新闻媒体很少包括土著人或讨论本地问题。美国人的教导还很少，而且很少有关于美洲原住民的信息。作为一个例子，仅在20世纪以前的情况下，美国学校现代的大多数历史现代讨论本土人民，这使得当前居住在美国的520万美洲原住民。该项目的研究记录了当地遗漏的范围和心理影响，并探讨了非本地美国人如何证明这些遗漏的合理性。研究还研究了当地遗漏的正当理由与非本地人的民族自尊心之间关系的动机基础，并测试了有可能改善土著人民福祉的干预措施的效率。该项目探索了美国原住民任务偏见的范围，又探讨了使这些偏见永存的心理过程。这项研究基于这样的观察，即美国的核心文化叙事是一个非凡的，道德上的，公平和精英的社会。然而，土著人民在美国的历史性和当代经历，包括由国家批准的暴力和源于该国定居者殖民地起源的歧视，与这些核心文化叙事相矛盾。因此，假设当地的本地遗漏是由于非本地美国人在保护这些核心文化叙事和维持民族尊重的愿望中引起的 - 对国家的依恋感和自豪。三项研究线使用美国原住民参与者的大量样本以及来自美国各地的非本地成年人的样本测试了该理论框架的宗旨。研究的第一阶段记录了当地遗漏的范围和心理影响，包括评估本地人在美国社会中的遗漏以及遗漏对个人和社区福祉的影响。其他研究探讨了非本地美国人如何以及在何种程度上证明本地参与者记录的遗漏是合理的，以及本地遗漏的理由是否对非本地人发挥了文化保护的作用。研究考试的最后阶段通过研究主流美国机构对本地遗漏的承认（与理由）是否可以增强美洲原住民的个人和集体福祉来确认本地人作为改善土著人民福祉的一种手段的有效性。研究计划旨在通过为理解理解形式的偏见形式并阐明美洲原住民的经历来扩大心理文献 - 在心理理论和研究中的代表性差不多。该项目还记录并有助于改变使社会不平等（尤其是美国原住民经历的不平等）永久存在的心理过程，从而有助于扩大科学。参与。该奖项反映了NSF的法定任务，并通过使用基金会的知识分子优点和更广泛的影响评估标准来评估，以诚实的支持。