SCC-CIVIC-PG Track B: Improving the Post-Flood Financial Resiliency of Low- and Moderate-Income Households

SCC-CIVIC-PG 轨道 B：提高中低收入家庭的洪水后财务弹性

• 批准号: 2042216
• 负责人: Carolyn Kousky
• 金额: $ 4.97万
• 依托单位: University of Pennsylvania
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2021-01-15 至 2021-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2042216&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: SCC; CIVIC; PG; Track; Improving

This project addresses resiliency to natural disasters from a perspective that is frequently not researched but one that has major human impact - financial resilience. Prior research has found that low income households suffer disproportionately from disasters and recover less quickly than other residents. Financial resilience—the ability to recover from an economic shock—underpins other aspects of recovery and is a necessary condition for broader urban disaster resilience. Despite this, it is an under-investigated aspect of climate adaptation. While the problem has been identified, actionable research into solutions is scarce. The proposed project is designed to fill this gap. This project's specific objective is to demonstrate that increasing the financial resilience of low and moderate income (LMI) households (both homeowners and renters) in New York City presents an essential element of resilience strategies especially in response to increasing urban flooding risk. This project, across both phases, will be comprised of three inter-related research components: (1) designing a pilot policy intervention; (2) improving disaster financial literacy among households and capacity among city staff; and (3) developing a metric of financial resilience to disasters, especially for LMI households. The work will be a joint effort between the Wharton Risk Center at the University of Pennsylvania, the New York City Mayor’s Office of Resiliency, and the Center for NYC Neighborhoods, as well as other partner researchers. The work will be informed by an advisory board with deep expertise on this challenge. The pilot program will be a public-private partnership to demonstrate the importance of financial resiliency as a complement to other more typically researched approaches - since LMI households tend to have insufficient savings, can be locked out of credit, cannot afford standard insurance, and suffer disproportionately more longer term damage. Phase 1 of this project will be a period of stakeholder engagement, involving scoring policies against chosen criteria, to identify the most promising solution for piloting in Phase II: (1) parametric microinsurance, (2) premium reductions for low-cost flood mitigation, (3) a local flood insurance affordability program, (4) community assistance plus a high-deductible NFIP policy, (5) right-sizing insurance coverage, and (6) community-based insurance. The second project component will be developing disaster financial literacy tools and building expertise on this topic among civic partner organizations through specific products and engagement strategies. Prior work has found that increasing financial literacy makes individuals better able to withstand shocks. The third component will develop a metric of financial resilience to disasters for LMI households. This metric will be designed to inform the broader academic literature, which lacks an established approach to measurement of this specific concept, as well as be practically useful to city programs. Constructing the metric will draw on city data, as well as a survey of LMI households. This project is in response to Track B - CIVIC Innovation Challenge - Resilience to Natural Disasters a collaboration with NSF and the Department of Homeland Security.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

该项目从一个经常未被研究但对人类有重大影响的角度-金融复原力-探讨对自然灾害的复原力。 此前的研究发现，低收入家庭遭受的灾害不成比例，恢复速度也不如其他居民。财务稳健性从经济冲击中恢复的能力是恢复的其他方面的基础，也是更广泛的城市抗灾能力的必要条件。尽管如此，这是气候适应的一个研究不足的方面。虽然问题已经确定，但对解决方案的可行研究却很少。拟议的项目旨在填补这一空白。该项目的具体目标是证明，提高纽约市中低收入家庭（房主和租房者）的财务弹性是弹性战略的一个基本要素，特别是在应对日益增加的城市洪水风险方面。 这一项目将跨越两个阶段，由三个相互关联的研究组成部分组成：（1）设计一项试点政策干预措施;（2）提高家庭的灾害金融知识和城市工作人员的能力;（3）制定一个衡量金融抗灾能力的指标，特别是对LMI家庭。这项工作将是宾夕法尼亚大学沃顿风险中心、纽约市市长弹性办公室、纽约市社区中心以及其他合作研究人员的共同努力。这项工作将由一个在这一挑战方面具有深厚专业知识的咨询委员会提供信息。该试点计划将是一个公私合作伙伴关系，以证明金融弹性的重要性，作为对其他更典型的研究方法的补充-因为LMI家庭往往没有足够的储蓄，可能被锁定在信贷之外，无法负担标准保险，并且遭受不成比例的长期损害。 本项目的第一阶段将是利益攸关方参与的时期，包括根据选定的标准对政策进行评分，以确定最有前途的解决方案，用于第二阶段的试点：（1）参数小额保险，（2）低成本洪水缓解的保费减免，（3）当地洪水保险负担能力计划，（4）社区援助加上高免赔额的NFIP政策，（5）适当调整保险范围;（6）社区保险。项目的第二个组成部分将是开发灾害财务知识普及工具，并通过具体产品和参与战略，在民间伙伴组织中建立关于这一主题的专门知识。先前的研究发现，增加金融知识可以使个人更好地抵御冲击。第三个组成部分将制定一个衡量低收入国家家庭在财务上抵御灾害能力的指标。这个指标将被设计为通知更广泛的学术文献，其中缺乏一个既定的方法来衡量这一特定的概念，以及实际上是有用的城市计划。构建该指标将利用城市数据以及对LMI家庭的调查。该项目是响应与NSF和国土安全部合作的Track B - CIVIC Innovation Challenge - Resilience to Natural Disasters。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。