SCC-CIVIC-PG Track A: Overcoming Mobility Inequity With New Open-Access Tools for Analyzing Spatial Accessibility

SCC-CIVIC-PG 轨道 A：利用用于分析空间可达性的新开放访问工具克服流动性不平等

• 批准号: 2043539
• 负责人: Anne Dodge
• 金额: $ 5万
• 依托单位: University of Chicago
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2021-01-15 至 2021-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2043539&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: SCC; CIVIC; PG; Track; Overcoming

This grant, a joint endeavor of the University of Chicago, the Metropolitan Planning Council (MPC), and Brookings Institution, will fund a new set of indicators that will help people compare different neighborhoods in terms of “access poverty.” “Access poverty” is the idea that people who live in certain neighborhoods have a harder time getting where they need to go - for work, for school, for food, for services, and for care. This is a complicated problem; it involves housing, businesses, public and private transportation, infrastructure, jobs and employment opportunities, and essential local services. To build these indicators, we need to work hand-in-hand with local organizations to learn more about which assets people consider essential, how they move around their neighborhoods, and the constraints on their time and choices. Historically, these questions have been considered primarily in terms of jobs and affordable housing; the “access poverty” indicator will ask bigger questions, taking into account the full range of ways in which people need to move around their neighborhoods in order to live their fullest lives. The objective of this research is to create a set of indicators to assess the distribution of travel burdens across residential communities within the United States. “Travel burden” is measured in terms of time or distance spent moving from an origin to a destination. Given the complex nature of movement within cities, the team will account for several modes of transportation as well as detailed breakouts of travel burden across asset categories such as jobs, housing, retail corridors, schools, childcare sites, health clinics, and other places where people want or need to go in order to live productive and connected lives. The research undertaken in the planning phase is to compare available methods for calculating travel burden at the neighborhood level and evaluate georeferenced points-of-interest datasets (as well as conventional employment and housing sources). There are many methodologies for measures of travel burden, these include isochrones, travel time matrices, and other spatial access techniques that use travel data and population characteristics to generate weighted travel costs. These measures can help with benchmarking, identifying specific deficits across communities, and shed light on questions of equity both within cities and across metropolitan areas at scale. This project is supported by the CIVIC Innovation Challenge program Track A. Communities and Mobility: Offering Better Mobility Options to Solve the Spatial Mismatch Between Housing Affordability and Jobs through a collaboration between NSF and the Department of Energy Vehicle Transportation Office.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

这项赠款是芝加哥大学、大都会规划理事会（MPC）和布鲁金斯研究所的共同奋进，将资助一套新的指标，帮助人们在“贫困”方面比较不同的社区。“可及贫困”是指生活在某些社区的人更难到达他们需要去的地方--工作、上学、食物、服务和护理。 这是一个复杂的问题;它涉及住房、企业、公共和私人交通、基础设施、工作和就业机会以及基本的地方服务。 为了建立这些指标，我们需要与当地组织携手合作，更多地了解人们认为哪些资产是必不可少的，他们如何在社区中移动，以及他们的时间和选择的限制。 从历史上看，这些问题主要是从就业和负担得起的住房的角度考虑的;“获得贫困”指标将提出更大的问题，考虑到人们为了过上最充实的生活而需要在其社区中走动的各种方式。 本研究的目的是建立一套指标，以评估美国境内的居民社区的旅行负担的分布。“旅行负担”是以从出发地到目的地所花费的时间或距离来衡量的。鉴于城市内部流动的复杂性，该团队将考虑多种交通方式以及跨资产类别的旅行负担的详细分类，例如工作，住房，零售走廊，学校，儿童保育场所，诊所以及人们想要或需要去的其他地方，以便过上富有成效和互联的生活。在规划阶段进行的研究是比较现有的方法来计算交通负担在社区一级，并评估地理参考点的兴趣数据集（以及传统的就业和住房来源）。有许多方法来衡量旅行负担，其中包括等时线，旅行时间矩阵，和其他空间访问技术，使用旅行数据和人口特征，以产生加权旅行成本。这些措施可以帮助制定基准，确定社区之间的具体赤字，并大规模地揭示城市内部和大都市地区之间的公平问题。该项目由CIVIC创新挑战计划Track A支持。社区和流动性：通过NSF和能源部车辆运输办公室之间的合作，提供更好的移动选择，以解决住房负担能力和就业之间的空间不匹配。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。