Tribal Constitutions: Constructing Power by Developing Structures of Self-Governance

部落宪法：通过发展自治结构来建设权力

基本信息

批准号：
2044007
负责人：
Beth Red Bird
金额：
$ 38.35万
依托单位：
Northwestern University
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Standard Grant
财政年份：
2021
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2021-02-15 至 2025-01-31
项目状态：
未结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2044007&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
Tribal Constitutions Constructing Power Developing

项目摘要

There are 345 federally recognized tribes within the continental United States, and tribal sovereignty—its genesis, expanse, interconnection with the U.S. federal government, and distinction from U.S. state governments—is a contested and complicated topic. Beyond its legal ramifications, its definition impacts tribal culture, member well-being, and even tribal survival. Tribal constitutions serve as a component of tribal sovereignty, and many tribal governments regard their constitutions as a cornerstone of self-determination. But constitutions do not develop in a vacuum; they are the result of historical trajectories and power processes that shape modern states. The decision to constitutionalize, and the content of a constitution, give insight into how a society thinks about self-determination, self-governance, and justice. This relationship is complicated in the context of tribal constitutions because tribes, as sovereign-dependent nations, developed their claims to self-governance in the shadow of empire. The investigators have compiled a comprehensive database of 1,053 tribal constitutions or amendments from 304 tribes (88% of the currently 345 federally recognized Indian tribes in the continental U.S.), representing nearly 150 years of tribal constitutional history. They have developed a comprehensive coding scheme to map constitutional provisions and track historical change over time. Using this database, they will study four constitutional areas closely connected to sovereignty: (1) tribal constitutional origins; (2) citizenship and rights; (3) tribal courts; and (4) legislative power. Each area of research raises questions of how power is constructed, whether through coercion, resistance, economic development, institutional structures, etc. Finding answers to these questions will depend on comparison of numerous institutions, a reading of complex constitutional documents with interacting institutional forms, and methods which allow visualization of changes over time. The investigators will use a multi-methodological approach, combining computational social science methods, causal analysis, and qualitative legal analysis. This research exploring the documents and institutions of tribal governance will expand our understanding of tribal power today and its development over time. The findings will contribute to discussions of tribal sovereignty and the relationship between tribes and the federal government and will bring tribal governance into the rich field of constitutionalism and comparative constitutionalism. Centering the experience of tribes in constitutional studies will not only advance work on colonialism and self-determination, it will provide concrete insights into the ways in which constitutional language shapes political discourse.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

美国大陆内有345个联邦认可的部落，部落的主权（它的创世纪，提取，与美国联邦政府的互连）以及与美国州政府的区别 - 是一个有争议且复杂的话题。除了其法律后果之外，其定义还影响了部落文化，成员福祉甚至部落生存。部落的配置是部落主权的组成部分，许多部落政府将其作为自决的基石的配置。但是配置不会在真空中发展；它们是塑造现代状态的历史轨迹和权力过程的结果。配置的决定以及配置的内容，可以深入了解社会如何思考自决，自治和正义。这种关系在部落构型的背景下变得复杂，因为部落作为主权依赖国家，在帝国的阴影下提出了对自治的主张。调查人员编制了一个由304个部落的1,053个部落配置或修正案的综合数据库（在美国连续The Conneculedtal The Conturettal的345个联邦认可的印度部落中，有88％代表了将近150年的部落宪法历史。他们制定了一项综合编码计划，以绘制宪法规定并随着时间的流逝跟踪历史变化。使用此数据库，他们将研究与主权密切相关的四个宪法区域：（1）部落宪法起源；（2）公民身份和权利；（3）部落法院；（4）立法权。研究的每个领域都提出了有关如何构建权力的问题，无论是通过强制，抵抗，经济发展，制度结构等。找到这些问题的答案都取决于对众多机构的比较，读取具有相互作用的机构形式的复杂宪法文件以及允许随时间变化可视化的方法。研究人员将使用一种多方法学方法，结合了计算社会科学方法，因果分析和定性法律分析。这项研究探险家和部落治理机构将扩大我们对当今部落权力及其发展的理解。这些发现将有助于对部落主权的讨论以及部落与联邦政府之间的关系，并将部落治理带入宪政和比较宪政的丰富领域。以宪法研究为中心的部落经验不仅将提高殖民主义和自决的工作，还将为宪法语言塑造政治话语的方式提供具体的见解。该奖项反映了NSF的法定任务，并通过评估该基金会的智力功能和广泛的影响来评估NSF的法定任务。