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Tribal Constitutions: Constructing Power by Developing Structures of Self-Governance

部落宪法：通过发展自治结构来建设权力

基本信息

批准号：
2044007
负责人：
Beth Red Bird
金额：
$ 38.35万
依托单位：
Northwestern University
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Standard Grant
财政年份：
2021
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2021-02-15 至 2025-01-31
项目状态：
未结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2044007&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
Tribal Constitutions Constructing Power Developing

项目摘要

There are 345 federally recognized tribes within the continental United States, and tribal sovereignty—its genesis, expanse, interconnection with the U.S. federal government, and distinction from U.S. state governments—is a contested and complicated topic. Beyond its legal ramifications, its definition impacts tribal culture, member well-being, and even tribal survival. Tribal constitutions serve as a component of tribal sovereignty, and many tribal governments regard their constitutions as a cornerstone of self-determination. But constitutions do not develop in a vacuum; they are the result of historical trajectories and power processes that shape modern states. The decision to constitutionalize, and the content of a constitution, give insight into how a society thinks about self-determination, self-governance, and justice. This relationship is complicated in the context of tribal constitutions because tribes, as sovereign-dependent nations, developed their claims to self-governance in the shadow of empire. The investigators have compiled a comprehensive database of 1,053 tribal constitutions or amendments from 304 tribes (88% of the currently 345 federally recognized Indian tribes in the continental U.S.), representing nearly 150 years of tribal constitutional history. They have developed a comprehensive coding scheme to map constitutional provisions and track historical change over time. Using this database, they will study four constitutional areas closely connected to sovereignty: (1) tribal constitutional origins; (2) citizenship and rights; (3) tribal courts; and (4) legislative power. Each area of research raises questions of how power is constructed, whether through coercion, resistance, economic development, institutional structures, etc. Finding answers to these questions will depend on comparison of numerous institutions, a reading of complex constitutional documents with interacting institutional forms, and methods which allow visualization of changes over time. The investigators will use a multi-methodological approach, combining computational social science methods, causal analysis, and qualitative legal analysis. This research exploring the documents and institutions of tribal governance will expand our understanding of tribal power today and its development over time. The findings will contribute to discussions of tribal sovereignty and the relationship between tribes and the federal government and will bring tribal governance into the rich field of constitutionalism and comparative constitutionalism. Centering the experience of tribes in constitutional studies will not only advance work on colonialism and self-determination, it will provide concrete insights into the ways in which constitutional language shapes political discourse.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

在美国大陆有345个联邦政府承认的部落，部落主权——它的起源、范围、与美国联邦政府的联系以及与美国州政府的区别——是一个有争议和复杂的话题。除了它的法律后果，它的定义影响部落文化，成员的福祉，甚至部落的生存。部落宪法是部落主权的组成部分，许多部落政府将其宪法视为自决的基石。但宪法不是在真空中形成的；它们是塑造现代国家的历史轨迹和权力过程的结果。宪法化的决定和宪法的内容，让我们了解一个社会是如何看待自决、自治和正义的。在部落宪法的背景下，这种关系变得复杂，因为部落作为主权独立的国家，在帝国的阴影下发展了他们的自治要求。调查人员编制了一个综合数据库，其中包含来自304个部落的1053部部落宪法或修正案（占美国大陆目前联邦承认的345个印第安部落的88%），代表了近150年的部落宪法历史。他们制定了一个全面的编码方案，以绘制宪法条款，并跟踪历史变化。利用这个数据库，他们将研究与主权密切相关的四个宪法领域：(1)部落宪法起源；（二）公民身份和权利；(3)部落法院；(4)立法权。每个研究领域都提出了权力是如何构建的问题，无论是通过胁迫、抵抗、经济发展还是制度结构等。找到这些问题的答案将依赖于对众多制度的比较，对复杂的宪法文件与相互作用的制度形式的阅读，以及允许随时间变化的可视化方法。调查人员将使用多方法方法，结合计算社会科学方法，因果分析和定性法律分析。本研究探索部落治理的文献和制度，将扩展我们对今天部落权力及其发展的理解。这些发现将有助于讨论部落主权以及部落与联邦政府之间的关系，并将部落治理带入宪政和比较宪政的丰富领域。在宪法研究中以部落的经验为中心，不仅会推进殖民主义和自决的工作，还会为宪法语言塑造政治话语的方式提供具体的见解。该奖项反映了美国国家科学基金会的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。